In situ characterization of the deformation and failure behavior of non-stochastic porous structures processed by selective laser melting

Gorny, B.; Niendorf, Т.; Lackmann, J.; Thoene, M.; Troester, Thomas; Maier, H. J.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2011.07.026

Cited by 183 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…12.4% for all specimens. As it is known that the microstructure of the microlattice has a huge impact on the mechanical response 20 half of the specimens are heattreated. The phase fraction of a-titanium to b-titanium, the grain size and internal stresses can be influenced by heat treatment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phase fraction of a-titanium to b-titanium, the grain size and internal stresses can be influenced by heat treatment. 20 Specimens are heat-treated in a vacuum furnace at 950 C for 2 h and then cooled down until room temperature. Compression tests on a minimum of three specimens each are performed with three different strain rates: quasistatic, 16 mm/s and 5 m/s.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compression tests on cubic lattice structures made from stainless steel 316L have shown that microlattice structures can absorb significant energy in compression via the formation of plastic hinges at the junction points within the structure. 10 Gorny et al 20 investigated the compressive behavior of TiAl6V4 lattice structures (type BCC) under quasistatic compression. The SLM specimens show brittle failure mechanism.…”

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical response of TiAl6V4 lattice structures manufactured by selective laser melting in quasistatic and dynamic compression tests

Merkt

Hinke

Bültmann

et al. 2014

Journal of Laser Applications

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This paper focusses on the investigation of the mechanical properties of lattice structures manufactured by selective laser melting using contour-hatch scan strategy. The motivation for this research is the systematic investigation of the elastic and plastic deformation of TiAl6V4 at different strain rates. To investigate the influence of the strain rate on the mechanical response (e.g., energy absorption) of TiAl6V4 structures, compression tests on TiAl6V4-lattice structures with different strain rates are carried out to determine the mechanical response from the resulting stress-strain curves. Results are compared to the mechanical response of stainless steel lattice structures (316L). It is shown that heat-treated TiAl6V4 specimens have a larger breaking strain and a lower drop of stress after failure initiation. Main finding is that TiAl6V4 lattice structures show brittle behavior and low energy absorption capabilities compared to the ductile behaving 316L lattice structures. For larger strain rates, ultimate tensile strength of TiAl6V4 structures is more than 20% higher compared to lower strain rates due to cold work hardening

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State-of-the-artmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mechanical response of TiAl6V4 lattice structures manufactured by selective laser melting in quasistatic and dynamic compression tests

Merkt

Hinke

Bültmann

et al. 2014

Journal of Laser Applications

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“…Lattice designs involving functional grading, variable cell properties and conformity to complex geometries (see figure 1) are only realistically manufacturable with AM. Such lattice designs have the potential to deliver large reductions in part weight, while offering high levels of stiffness and energy absorption under static and dynamic loading [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Compared to topology optimisation methods, lattices may also offer more robust solutions to problems which include uncertainty in the loading conditions or have multiple objectives.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In SLM, support structures are manufactured from the same material as the part being manufactured, and they can be difficult to remove in a secondary process. Also, there is strong motivation to characterise the mechanical properties of BCC lattice cells as they have been examined experimentally and theoretically elsewhere [7,8,11,[14][15][16]. Note that 'BCC' here refers to a macroscopic 3D structure of the order several mm, and is not being used in the crystallographic sense.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Selectively Laser Melted Parts with Body-Centred-Cubic Lattices of Varying cell size

et al. 2015

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. (2015) Mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V selectively laser melted parts with body-centred-cubic lattices of varying cell size. Experimental Mechanics, 55 (7). pp. 1261 -1272 . ISSN 1741 -2765 Access from the University of Nottingham repository: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31973/1/Accepted_manuscript.pdf Copyright and reuse:The Nottingham ePrints service makes this work by researchers of the University of Nottingham available open access under the following conditions. This article is made available under the University of Nottingham End User licence and may be reused according to the conditions of the licence. For more details see: http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/end_user_agreement.pdf A note on versions:The version presented here may differ from the published version or from the version of record. If you wish to cite this item you are advised to consult the publisher's version. Please see the repository url above for details on accessing the published version and note that access may require a subscription.For more information, please contact eprints@nottingham.ac.uk Significant weight savings in parts can be made through the use of additive manufacture (AM), a process which enables the construction of more complex geometries, such as functionally graded lattices, than can be achieved conventionally. The existing framework describing the mechanical properties of lattices places strong emphasis on one property, the relative density of the repeating cells, but there are other properties to consider if lattices are to be used effectively. In this work, we explore the effects of cell size and number of cells, attempting to construct more complete models for the mechanical performance of lattices. This was achieved by examining the modulus and ultimate tensile strength of latticed tensile specimens with a range of unit cell sizes and fixed relative density. Understanding how these mechanical properties depend upon the lattice design variables is crucial for the development of design tools, such as finite element methods, that deliver the best performance from AM latticed parts. We observed significant reductions in modulus and strength with increasing cell size, and these reductions cannot be explained by increasing strut porosity as has previously been suggested. We obtained power law relationships for the mechanical properties of the latticed specimens as a function of cell size, which are similar in form to the existing laws for the relative density dependence. These can be used to predict the properties of latticed column structures comprised of body-centred-cubic (BCC) cells, and may also be adapted for other part geometries. In addition, we propose a novel way to analyse the tensile modulus data, which considers a relative lattice cell size rather than an absolute size. This may lead to more general models for the mechanical properties of lattice structures, applicable to parts of varying size.

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Functionally Graded Alloys Obtained by Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2014

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In situ characterization of the deformation and failure behavior of non-stochastic porous structures processed by selective laser melting

Cited by 183 publications

References 26 publications

Mechanical response of TiAl6V4 lattice structures manufactured by selective laser melting in quasistatic and dynamic compression tests

Mechanical response of TiAl6V4 lattice structures manufactured by selective laser melting in quasistatic and dynamic compression tests

Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Selectively Laser Melted Parts with Body-Centred-Cubic Lattices of Varying cell size

Functionally Graded Alloys Obtained by Additive Manufacturing

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