Improving the thermophysical properties of hybrid nanocellulose-copper (II) oxide (CNC-CuO) as a lubricant additives: A novel nanolubricant for tribology application
“…The utilization of nanolubricant can mitigate compressor work in the RAC system, leading to a decrease in compressor work due to the improved lubrication effect and tribological impact, as explained in the previous sub-section on tribology assessment. This phenomenon has a direct positive influence on the overall performance enhancement of the RAC system, as reported by Kamarulzaman [ 66 ]. Fig.…”
“…The utilization of nanolubricant can mitigate compressor work in the RAC system, leading to a decrease in compressor work due to the improved lubrication effect and tribological impact, as explained in the previous sub-section on tribology assessment. This phenomenon has a direct positive influence on the overall performance enhancement of the RAC system, as reported by Kamarulzaman [ 66 ]. Fig.…”
“…Another recent application of nanocelluloses was the production of a hybrid of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with CuO (II), which proved to be a good lubricant additive for engine oils, as it could prevent piston wear [89].…”
Section: Various Applications Of Nanocellulosementioning
In recent years, nanocellulosic materials have attracted special attention because of their performance in different advanced applications, biodegradability, availability, and biocompatibility. Nanocellulosic materials can assume three distinct morphologies, including cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and bacterial cellulose (BC). This review consists of two main parts related to obtaining and applying nanocelluloses in advanced materials. In the first part, the mechanical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments necessary for the production of nanocelluloses are discussed. Among chemical pretreatments, the most common approaches are described, such as acid- and alkali-catalyzed organosolvation, 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidation, ammonium persulfate (APS) and sodium persulfate (SPS) oxidative treatments, ozone, extraction with ionic liquids, and acid hydrolysis. As for mechanical/physical treatments, methods reviewed include refining, high-pressure homogenization, microfluidization, grinding, cryogenic crushing, steam blasting, ultrasound, extrusion, aqueous counter collision, and electrospinning. The application of nanocellulose focused, in particular, on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with CNC, CNF, and BC. With the development of TENGs, an unparalleled revolution is expected; there will be self-powered sensors, wearable and implantable electronic components, and a series of other innovative applications. In the future new era of TENGs, nanocellulose will certainly be a promising material in their constitution.
“…Different types of nanoparticles, such as organic or inorganic nanoparticles, can be used. Polymers, liposomes, exosomes and proteinbased nanoparticles, are instances of natural biobased nanoparticles, though inorganic nanoparticles incorporate silica nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and quantum specks [5]. Specialists are keen on natural inorganic, or half breed, nanoparticles in light of the fact that they can consolidate valuable compound such as, optical, and mechanical properties while improving the different advantages of nano lubrications.…”
Tribology is a high demand mechanical system with friction and wear. Mechanical systems lose efficiency as a result. One answer for this issue is to utilize an oil that can limit contact and wear, bringing about improved effectiveness. The advancement of effective lubricating added substances for tribological properties improvement and improved thermal conductivity has gotten huge modern and scholarly consideration. By and large, nano-sized particles scattered in lubricants, referred to as nano-based lubricant, are utilized in mechanical structures to lessen heat and forces of frictions. Moreover, new guidelines will empower the utilization of greener lubrication advancements in oils. To resolve this issue, lubricants should satisfy guidelines while able to give exceptional oil characteristics. As another green material, this research will investigate the dissolving of Graphene nanoparticles in lubricants. The objective of this study is to perceive what Graphene added 10W40 motor oil means for the thermal properties and tribological characteristics. Graphene, which was added to 10W40 lubricant, was used to study the best design. Graphene nanoparticles were distributed in baseline engine oil in a two-step process. In the preparation of Graphene-based motor oil with a low volume mixture in the scope of 0.01% to 0.07% was used. Thermal conductivity and viscosity are estimated for all volume mixtures. Testing uncovered that Graphene added 10W40 motor oil were steady all through the review, with very little deposits in the following 30 days. The thermal conductivity of Graphene in SAE 40 motor oil expanded as the volume mixture is added.
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