Improving Students' Critical Thinking and Self-Efficacy by Learning Higher Order Thinking Skills Through Problem Based Learning Models

Abstract

Higher-order thinking skills critical to being applied and developed in learning. Because the learning activity is focused on the higher-order thinking skills development, then learning activities will be more influential, effective, and efficient, so that the intellectual abilities of teachers and students become more skilled, it positively will affect the increase in the quality of education. There is a gap in students' critical thinking ability based on the pre-research survey results. The basic level of thinking is in the poor category, and self-efficacy is still lacking. This study aims to determine the extent to which the application of higher-order thinking skills learning through the problem-based learning (PBL) model improves student's critical thinking and self-efficacy. This study uses a quasi-experimental design and data collection techniques in tests, questionnaires, and observation sheets. This study's population was 123 students, sampling using a convenience sampling technique so that the sample used was 62 students. Based on the research results, there are differences. There is an increase between students' critical thinking skills and self-efficacy who use the PBL model rather than the conventional model. The research result implies that the PBL model is highly recommended for economics teachers. Still, it is necessary to provide innovation in the learning model so that in the learning process, it uses one model and innovates with other models.

Measuring Teacher's Competency in Describing Student Activities in Learning with Problem Based Learning

“…This is in accordance with the results of study that state the use of the PBL learning model has a significant effect on students' motivation and learning outcomes (Pratiwi, V. D., & Wuryandani, 2020). Student orientation to problems in problem-based learning will also be able to improve students' critical thinking skills that interactive multimedia based on problem based learning is proven to be able to improve students' critical thinking skills (Saepuloh et al, 2021;Sulisworo et al, 2020). The description of the next student activity in problem based learning is to organize students to learn.…”

Analysis of the correlation between science literacy and critical thinking of grade eight students in the circulatory system

“…Science education is now a form of reform or changes to the previous education system in the context of the availability of scientific literacy. Students must have good scientific literacy skills [36] and critical thinking skills for life-long learning to be successful [37]. Therefore, various efforts are needed to be able to train and improve students' scientific literacy skills and critical thinking skills.…”

Implementation of Student Ability-Based Learning Strategies to Improve Learning Outcomes in Schools

“…Students who have mastered the material are given more challenging learning, while students who still have difficulties are given more basic learning. Thus, student ability-based learning strategies can accelerate understanding and improve student learning outcomes (Saepuloh et al, 2021).…”