Improving Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and Nutrient Digestibility by Increasing Rumen Degradable Protein in Ruminant Feed using Tithonia diversifolia and Leucaena leucocephala

Abstract

The aim of this research was to discover the effect of increasing rumen degradable protein in ruminant diet using Tithonia diversifolia and Leucaena leucocephala on rumen fermentation characteristics, microbial protein synthesis, protozoa population, methane production, and nutrient digestibility. The in vitro method was used in this research in randomized block design with three treatments and five replications. Three diets were formulated containing 50, 55 and 60% rumen degradable proteins (RDP) and were represented as 50, 55 and RDP60. The RDP50 diet contained RDP 50% of crude protein. The 55 and RDP60 diet contained RDP 55 and 60% of crude protein, respectively. The results showed Total Volatile Fatty Acid (100mM vs 98.93mM and 95.60mM) and microbial protein synthesis (88.86mg/100mL vs 84.03mg/100mL and 81.20mg/100mL) were higher in RDP55 diet (P<0.05). Decreasing protozoa population and methane production were observed with increasing RDP in diet (P<0.05). NH3 production (15.30-16.15mM) and protein digestibility (62.52-66.12%) increased with the rising of RDP level (P<0.05). Beside that, higher dry matter (64.56% vs 61.58% and 58.20%), organic matter (66.67% vs 63.89% and 60.69%), crude fiber (65.37% vs 62.07% and 60.78%), and nitrogen-free extract (66.45% vs 62.87% and 60.57%) digestibility were observed in RDP55 diet (P<0.05). Our study revealed that diet containing RDP 55% of crude protein in ruminant feed using T. diversifolia and L. leucocephala improved rumen fermentation characteristics and nutrient digestibility. Further research is needed to discover the effect of the in vivo feeding trial on animals.

In Vitro Nutrient Digestibility and Ruminal Fermentation Characteristics of Ammoniated and Fermented Treatment of Soaked and Unsoaked Cymbopogon nardus Waste

“…NH3 is important in the rumen due to its function as ammonia source for microbial protein synthesis. When protein source is digested in the rumen, NH3 is produced as the metabolite of rumen microbial activity (Sari et al 2022). NH3 level in this study was not significant difference among the experimental diets which was within the range 6.51-7.21mM.…”

“…NH3 is the product of protein fermentation in the rumen, so NH3 level is influenced by the crude protein of feed. High protein content of feed will increase ammonia availability required by the microbial rumen for its growth (Putri et al 2019(Putri et al , 2021Sari et al 2022). We hypothesized these unsignificant levels were due to equal protein content in the diet treatments.…”

The Impact of Replacement of Concentrates with Fermented Tithonia (Tithonia diversifolia) and Avocado Waste (Persea americana miller) in Fermented Sugarcane Shoots (Saccharum Officinarum) Based Rations on Consumption, Digestibility, and Production Perform

“…Microbial protein synthesis in this treatment is also thought to decrease as the digestibility of crude protein decreases (Pazla et al, 2018a). Hoover and Stokes (1991) and Sari et al (2022) stated that the rate of microbial protein synthesis would decrease when carbohydrate digestibility decreased A decrease in the amount of concentrate causes less easily digestible substances. The concentrate contains substances more easily fermented in the rumen than fibrous feed.…”