Improving rates of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity in New Zealand 4‐year‐old children in 2010–2016

Shackleton, Nichola; Milne, Barry; Audas, Rick; Derraik, Jose Behrensdorf; Zhu, Tong; Taylor, RW; Morton, Susan; Glover, Marewa; Cutfield, Wayne S.; Taylor, Barry

doi:10.1111/ijpo.12260

Cited by 33 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(20 reference statements)

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“…It is now estimated that, worldwide, 41 million children under the age of 5 years are overweight or obese [18]. In New Zealand, one third of 4- to 5-year-olds are overweight or obese [19]. Childhood obesity is associated with both long-term and immediate health risks.…”

Section: Childhood Obesity: Prevalence and Associated Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction Models for Early Childhood Obesity: Applicability and Existing Issues

et al. 2018

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Statistical models have been developed for the prediction or diagnosis of a wide range of outcomes. However, to our knowledge, only 7 published studies have reported models to specifically predict overweight and/or obesity in early childhood. These models were developed using known risk factors and vary greatly in terms of their discrimination and predictive capacities. There are currently no established guidelines on what constitutes an acceptable level of risk (i.e., risk threshold) for childhood obesity prediction models, but these should be set following consideration of the consequences of false-positive and false-negative predictions, as well as any relevant clinical guidelines. To date, no studies have examined the impact of using early childhood obesity prediction models as intervention tools. While these are potentially valuable to inform targeted interventions, the heterogeneity of the existing models and the lack of consensus on adequate thresholds limit their usefulness in practice.

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Section: Childhood Obesity: Prevalence and Associated Health Risksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction Models for Early Childhood Obesity: Applicability and Existing Issues

et al. 2018

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“…Although participation in the B4SC is high, there are ethnic differences in participation with fewer Māori and Pacific children undergoing these checks . Māori and Pacific people are overrepresented in the most deprived areas and have higher prevalence of overweight/obesity . Missing data from these children may result in an underestimation of the association between deprivation and overweight/obesity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The B4 School Check (B4SC) is a national programme in New Zealand that was established in September 2008 to monitor child health and development at 4 years of age . These data are described in detail elsewhere . In this cross sectional study, we used data for 4‐year‐old children in New Zealand attending the B4SC between the fiscal years of 2010/2011 and 2015/2016, with height and weight data available (n = 319 098).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…21 These data are described in detail elsewhere. 17 In this cross sectional study, we used data for 4-yearold children in New Zealand attending the B4SC between the fiscal years of 2010/2011 and 2015/2016, with height and weight data available (n = 319 098).…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent report from New Zealand shows decreasing trends in child overweight and obesity between 2010 and 2016. These trends were consistent across ethnicities and across quintiles of area‐level deprivation (measured using NZDep).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different domains of deprivation and their relationship with obesity in New Zealand 4‐year‐old children

et al. 2019

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Summary Background There is a relationship between childhood obesity and area‐level deprivation. While the New Zealand Index of Deprivation (NZDep) has been used widely in research for the past 20 years, the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) was released in 2017. This study aims to investigate the association between deprivation and childhood obesity in New Zealand and compare measures of deprivation. Methods Data from 316 794 4‐year‐olds in New Zealand undertaking the B4 School Check in 2010 to 2016, a national health and development screen, were analysed. Multilevel logistic regression models assessed the relationship between area‐level deprivation and individual‐level child obesity. Models were adjusted for age, sex, immigration status, ethnicity, and year. Deprivation was measured using the census‐based NZDep2013 (deciles) and the administrative data‐based IMD (deciles). The seven domains of the IMD were also considered. Results The relationship between deprivation and obesity was very similar for the IMD and NZDep2013, point estimates were near identical, and confidence intervals overlapped substantially. Higher levels of deprivation were associated with a higher prevalence of child obesity. The relationship between deprivation and child obesity varied considerably across IMD domains. The education domain had the strongest association with child obesity and had an association with child obesity independent of the other domains of deprivation. Conclusion Overall, there was little difference between the NZDep and IMD. However, the IMD's domains and IMD‐1 approach reveal more nuanced understandings of the deprivation‐obesity gradient, including the importance of area‐level education deprivation for predicting child obesity rates.

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The Association Between Persistence and Change in Early Childhood Behavioural Problems and Preschool Cognitive Outcomes

D’Souza

Underwood

Peterson

et al. 2020

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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Improving rates of overweight, obesity and extreme obesity in New Zealand 4‐year‐old children in 2010–2016

Abstract: The prevalence of obesity appears to be declining in 4-year-old children in New Zealand across all socio-economic and ethnic groups.

Cited by 33 publications

References 14 publications

Prediction Models for Early Childhood Obesity: Applicability and Existing Issues

Prediction Models for Early Childhood Obesity: Applicability and Existing Issues

Different domains of deprivation and their relationship with obesity in New Zealand 4‐year‐old children

The Association Between Persistence and Change in Early Childhood Behavioural Problems and Preschool Cognitive Outcomes

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