Improving Composite Resin Performance Through Decreasing its Viscosity by Different Methods

Baroudi, Kusai; Mahmoud, Said Ahmed Aboudaif

doi:10.2174/1874210601509010235

Cited by 27 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…High molecular weight monomers generally exhibit low mobility that contributes to lower contraction but reduces the final resin composite degree of conversion (3) and increase the viscosity of the restorative material. The low viscosity diluent monomers are added to reduce the overall resin matrix viscosity, providing good handling properties and increase degree of conversion (4). However, the addition of diluents such as TEGDMA can increase the degradation of the material overtime, as well as the cytotoxic potential of the material, because the unpolymerized molecules of this monomer diluent undergo saponification by enzymatic hydrolysis that breaks down the molecule of TEGDMA into two molecules of methacrylic acid.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Degradation and Polymerization Shrinkage Reduction of Resin Composites Using Isobornyl Methacrylate

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to use the isobornyl methacrylate (IBOMA) as a combining or substituent diluent monomer in the resin matrix of dental resin composites. Thus, the resin matrix was formulated with 60 wt% of BisGMA and 40 wt% of diluent monomers. TEGDMA as the only diluent monomer was used as control with 40 wt%, while total substitution of TEGDMA was done with 40 wt% of IBOMA. The combination of IBOMA and TEGDMA was done with 20 wt% of each monomer. To the resin matrix, 65 wt% of filler particles was added. Degree of conversion (DC) using FT-IR, flexural strength (FS), flexural modulus (FM), polymerization shrinkage by gap formation (GF), Knoop hardness (KH) and solvent degradation (SD) were evaluated. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (α=0.05; b=0.2). The results showed that reducing or substituting TEGDMA using IBOMA did not affect the DC (0.085), FS (p=0.886) or FM (p=0.414). Also, when IBOMA was used, lower GF was found in comparison to the control containing only TEGDMA as the diluent monomer (p=0.032). However, even though all composites presented reduction in KH during the SD test, the combination of IBOMA and TEGDMA showed similar reduction in KHN in comparison to the control group (p=0.001), while the total substitution of TEGDMA with IBOMA decreased KHN after SD (p=0.041). Thus, the combination of IBOMA and TEGDMA seem to reduce SD and GF without affecting the properties of resin composites.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solvent Degradation and Polymerization Shrinkage Reduction of Resin Composites Using Isobornyl Methacrylate

et al. 2019

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“…To control the viscosity and improve handling characteristics of dental composites, TEGDMA, BisEMA, and some other low viscosity monomers must be added. Although the use of these diluents allow incorporation of more fillers into the matrix and increase the DC, some other adverse effects were reported, including the undesirable increase in the polymerization shrinkage and water uptake [ 16 , 32 ]. Even though BisGMA is commonly used as a main base for restorative composites, its huge viscosity is the major problem.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though BisGMA is commonly used as a main base for restorative composites, its huge viscosity is the major problem. However, among the various methods used for decreasing the viscosity of resins [ 32 ], lowering monomer viscosity is the appreciable one. To avoid the use of diluents, researchers have been directed toward developing low viscosity and more hydrophobic analogs of BisGMA.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Viscosity BisGMA Derivative for Resin Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Its Rheological Properties

et al. 2021

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This study aimed to synthesize new bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) derivatives, targeting a reduction in its viscosity by substituting one of its OH groups, the leading cause of its high viscosity, with a chlorine atom. Hence, this monochloro-BisGMA (mCl-BisGMA) monomer was synthesized by Appel reaction procedure, and its structure was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectroscopy. The viscosity of mCl-BisGMA (8.3 Pa·s) was measured under rheometry conditions, and it was found to be more than 65-fold lower than that of BisGMA (566.1 Pa·s) at 25 °C. For the assessment of the viscosity changes of model resins in the presence of mCl-BisGMA, a series of resin matrices, in which, besides BisGMA, 50 wt % was triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, were prepared and evaluated at 20, 25, and 35 °C. Thus, BisGMA was incrementally replaced by 25% mCl-BisGMA to obtain TBC0, TBC25, TBC50, TBC75, and TBC100 blends. The viscosity decreased with temperature, and the mCl-BisGMA content in the resin mixture increased. The substantial reduction in the viscosity value of mCl-BisGMA compared with that of BisGMA may imply its potential use as a dental resin matrix, either alone or in combination with traditional monomers. However, the various properties of mCl-BisGMA-containing matrices should be evaluated.

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“…These are well-developed dental materials that have many optimized properties, such as ease of handling, low viscosity, good flow, and low polymerization. [19][20][21] The current study aimed to add a further enhancement property to these materials with the incorporation of antibacterial nanomixtures made of silver, copper, and lithium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Dental Materials Incorporated with Nanometals and Their Effect on the Bacterial Growth of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em></p>

Rawashdeh¹,

Sawafta²,

Malkawi³

2020

IJN

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different commercially used dental materials (RelyX Luting Plus and Dyract Extra) mixed with either a metallic ionic solution or a colloidal suspension of metallic nanoparticles. Both the solution and the suspension contained a mixture of silver, copper, and lithium ions. Methods: The metal/ion-incorporated dental materials were prepared into disk-shaped samples and tested against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The susceptibility of bacteria against the antibacterial dental disks was tested using two methods: counting the colony-forming units per milliliter and disk diffusion (Kirby-Bauer). The incorporated materials (Dyract and Rely cement) were tested for ion release using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results: Assessment showed efficient antibacterial activity of metal ion-incorporated Rely luting cement, exhibited by the formation of inhibition zones larger than those formed by the standard antibiotic, as well as a reduction in bacterial number of sevenfold after incubation for 24 hours. Dyract material incorporated with nanoparticles showed no significant clear zones and had no inhibiting effect on bacterial colony numbers after incubation for 24 hours. The release of silver, copper, and lithium metal ions depended on the type of both dental material and the incorporated nanoagents. The metal ion-incorporated Rely Plus cement released the highest levels of metal ions, which was attributed to its antibacterial efficiency. Conclusion: Rely Plus cement incorporated with the nanoparticle suspension demonstrated high antibacterial potency, due to the release of the highest concentrations of silver, copper, and lithium metal ions. This work is the first direct comparative study of dental materials with different forms of nanomixtures (metallic nanoparticles and soluble metallic ions) and their antibacterial effects after incubation with bacterial culture for 24 hours.

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Improving Composite Resin Performance Through Decreasing its Viscosity by Different Methods

Cited by 27 publications

References 44 publications

Solvent Degradation and Polymerization Shrinkage Reduction of Resin Composites Using Isobornyl Methacrylate

Solvent Degradation and Polymerization Shrinkage Reduction of Resin Composites Using Isobornyl Methacrylate

A Low-Viscosity BisGMA Derivative for Resin Composites: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Its Rheological Properties

<p>Dental Materials Incorporated with Nanometals and Their Effect on the Bacterial Growth of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em></p>

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