The aim of this work was to present the different current methods of decreasing viscosity of resin composite materials such as (using flowable composites, lowering the viscosity of the monomer mixture, heating composites and applying sonic vibration) and furnish dentists with a basis that can provide criteria for choosing one or another to suit their therapeutic requirements. The four discussed methods proved that lowering composite viscosity improves its handling and facilitates its application to cavities with complicated forms, decreasing time for procedure and improving marginal adaptation. Other properties improved by decreasing composite resin viscosity were controversial between the four methods and affected by other factors such as composite brand and light cure unit.

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This study presents a theoretical and practical framework of resistance as a concept of postcolonial criticism. It describes different types of resistance as presented in Sahar Khalifeh’s novel Wild Thorns. A historical approach is adapted to trace ‘resistance Literature’ throughout the postcolonial criticism. The main aim here is to highlight the theme of resistance against the colonial structure from the point of view of a Palestinian novelist. The application of the analytic descriptive approach intends to analyze the theme of resistance at this colonial period from different points of view. The theme of resistance is tackled from a sociological and cultural point of view. The ideology of both the colonized and the colonizer is revealed throughout this critical analysis.