Improvement of sensitivity of electrolyte cathode discharge atomic emission spectrometry (ELCAD-AES) for mercury using acetic acid medium

The improvement of the analytical performance of direct current atmospheric pressure glow discharge generated in contact with the small-sized liquid cathode after the addition of non-ionic surfactants to electrolyte solutions

“…Additionally, reasonably good precision and the accuracy similar to this obtained with FAAS/FAES are obtained in the analysis of complex environmental samples demonstrating the same the reliability of such modified discharge system and measurements made. It could be expected that changes in the composition of the electrolyte solution of the liquid cathode [12,22,33] or the replacement of a solid anode with a miniature gas flow through a nozzle electrode [12,29,34] would be beneficial for the performance of the dc-APGD excitation source and contribute to the extension of its applications in analytical atomic spectrometry.…”

“…Linearity ranges reported for these systems typically vary from 2 to at least 4 orders of the concentration, while the precision in most cases is better than 6%. All these improved figures of merit make dc-APGD generated in contact with the liquid cathode a highly desirable instrumental method for the spectrochemical analysis of food samples, including tap, drinking and mineral waters [4,7], tea infusion [4], tea leaves [4], fresh milk [7], tuna fish [20][21][22], oyster tissue [20] or aquatic plant [22].…”

“…Accordingly, it was lately established that formic or acetic acids added to these solutions in the amount not higher than 10% (v/v) was responsible for a 3-to 4-fold increase in the sensitivity of the determination of Hg, likely due to changes of the boiling point and the surface tension of analyzed solutions [22].…”

On the coupling of hydride generation with atmospheric pressure glow discharge in contact with the flowing liquid cathode for the determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium with optical emission spectrometry

“…They sheared a considerable interest and are the subject of a growing number of works [1][2][3]. Among developed and studied in recent years miniaturized excitation sources there are dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), electrolyte as cathode glow discharge (ELCAD), liquid sampling atmospheric pressure glow discharge (LS-APGD), solution cathode glow discharge (SCGD), capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) and microstrip plasma (MSP) [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In general, these new excitation sources enable efficient excitation of elements with relatively low excitation potentials, i.e., alkali and alkaline earth elements and some of transition metals.…”

Highly sensitive and selective voltammetric detection of mercury(II) using an ITO electrode modified with 5-methyl-2-thiouracil, graphene oxide and gold nanoparticles

“…Various available methods for Hg(II) include atomic absorption/emission spectrometry [4,5], inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry [6], electrochemistry [7], spectrometry [8][9][10], chromatography [11], etc. Compared with the above other ones, electrochemical methods simultaneously possess many advantages such as convenient and simple operation, rapid completion, low consumption, high sensitivity and selectivity, as well as possible application in field tests and on-site monitoring [12,13].…”