Improvement of Inverted OPV Performance by Enhancement of ZnO Layer Properties as an Electron Transfer Layer1

Polyzoidis, Christos; Kapnopoulos, C.; Mekeridis, E.; Tzounis, Lazaros; Tsimikli, S.; Gravalidis, C.; Laskarakis, A.; Logothetidis, S.

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2016.02.007

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…90,125 Previous studies clearly showed that the device performance change with adopting appropriate processing strategies, therefore controlling the property of ZnO is critical for efficient OSCs. 126 Several approaches have been employed to improve the properties of ZnO for efficient OSCs. Among various synthetic strategies (hydrothermal techniques, 127 nanoparticles (NPs) approaches, 128 electrochemical deposition, 129 atomic layer deposition 130 ), the sol-gel method is the best way to get better ZnO interfacial film using zinc salts as precursor without any extra steps.…”

Section: Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interfacial, optical, and electrical properties of ZnO could further be tuned through processing techniques by their variation in composition, defects, film thickness, film morphology, surface energy, and crystalline structure 90,125 . Previous studies clearly showed that the device performance change with adopting appropriate processing strategies, therefore controlling the property of ZnO is critical for efficient OSCs 126 . Several approaches have been employed to improve the properties of ZnO for efficient OSCs.…”

Section: Cathode Interlayer Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent progress in cathode interlayer materials for non‐fullerene organic solar cells

Ahmad

Zhou

Fan

et al. 2021

EcoMat

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Non‐fullerene acceptors are currently a hot research area in the development of organic solar cells (OSCs). At present, the‐state‐of‐the‐art power conversion efficiency (PCE) of non‐fullerene organic solar cells (NF‐OSCs) with single and multiple‐junction has surpassed 18% and 19%, respectively. The cathode interlayer (CIL) plays a significant role in the improvement of PCE and the stability of OSCs. Recently, a large number of CIL materials have been employed in OSCs. This review summarizes the recent progress of CIL materials and systematically describes their impact on the device efficiency and stability in single‐junction NF‐OSCs. Firstly, the functions, key requirements, and distinctive features of CILs when used in NF‐OSCs are summarized. Afterward, some big families of materials including metal oxides, metal salts/complexes, small molecules, polymers, composites/hybrids are presented as CIL for NF‐OSCs. Finally, the scale‐up techniques, conclusion, and future challenges regarding CIL in NF‐OSCs are elucidated.

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Section: Metal Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cathode Interlayer Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent progress in cathode interlayer materials for non‐fullerene organic solar cells

Ahmad

Zhou

Fan

et al. 2021

EcoMat

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“…Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT, Scheme a) and other thiophene-based polymers are among the most researched materials to be used as electron donors in photoactive blends for organic photovoltaics (OPVs), since they can be solution-processed and potentially produce low-cost, flexible, and lightweight solar cells. , Although the commercial availability of these organic-based optoelectronics has increased, their efficiency and more importantly their lifetime still require optimization. There are several parameters, which may affect the final performance of these devices, such as the film preparation methods, the use of postprocessing annealing as, i.e., thermal and solvent annealing, the OPV device architecture, the ratio between donor and acceptor units in the photoactive blend, the molecular orientation, and the electronic structure of all individual components, among others. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Orientation and Ultrafast Charge Transfer Dynamics Studies on the P3HT:PCBM Blend

et al. 2016

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Ultrathin films of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) blended with 6,6-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) were investigated by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and resonant Auger spectroscopy (RAS) in the context of the core-hole approach at the sulfur K absorption edge. P3HT:PCBM blend is a well-known system widely used as a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive layer in organic photovoltaics (OPV). Its morphology, phase separation and ordering of the constituent phases have been proven to significantly affect the performance of the resulting OPV devices. Herein, thermally annealed P3HT:PCBM films at optimum conditions, in terms of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the resulting fully printed OPV modules (2.22% for 8 cm 2 active area modules), have been proven to be well-ordered films as revealed by the XAS spectra measured at different angles of the incoming photons. Moreover, electron delocalization times were calculated as a function of the excitation energy, resulting in a very low delocalization time in the femtosecond regime.

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“…were used as an electron transport layer and contributed to the improved performance of inverted photovoltaic elements. Flexible inverted SCs were prepared using ETLs with an annealed ZnO layer [40], a ZnO nanoparticles optimized morphology layer [41], or an Al-doped ZnO or etoxylated polyethylenimine (PEIE)/ZnO bilayer [42]. It was found that the active layer could be structurally characterized on-time via roll-to-roll X-ray scattering [43], and the increase in PCE was obtained by the use of light-trapping, patterned PET substrates [44], and operational stability was analyzed by indoor and outdoor testing [45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible Polymer–Organic Solar Cells Based on P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Active Layer Constructed under Environmental Conditions

et al. 2021

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In this study, some crucial parameters were determined of flexible polymer–organic solar cells prepared from an active layer blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and the fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) mixed in 1:1 mass ratio and deposited from chlorobenzene solution by spin-coating on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/ITO substrates. Additionally, the positive effect of an electron transport layer (ETL) prepared from zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO np) on flexible photovoltaic elements’ performance and stability was investigated. Test devices with above normal architecture and silver back electrodes deposed by magnetron sputtering were constructed under environmental conditions. They were characterized by current-voltage (I–V) measurements, quantum efficiency, impedance spectroscopy, surface morphology, and time–degradation experiments. The control over morphology of active layer thin film was achieved by post-deposition thermal treatment at temperatures of 110–120 °C, which led to optimization of device morphology and electrical parameters. The impedance spectroscopy results of flexible photovoltaic elements were fitted using two R||CPE circuits in series. Polymer–organic solar cells prepared on plastic substrates showed comparable current–voltage characteristics and structural properties but need further device stability improvement according to traditionally constructed cells on glass substrates.

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Improvement of Inverted OPV Performance by Enhancement of ZnO Layer Properties as an Electron Transfer Layer1

Cited by 10 publications

References 14 publications

Recent progress in cathode interlayer materials for non‐fullerene organic solar cells

Recent progress in cathode interlayer materials for non‐fullerene organic solar cells

Molecular Orientation and Ultrafast Charge Transfer Dynamics Studies on the P3HT:PCBM Blend

Flexible Polymer–Organic Solar Cells Based on P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Active Layer Constructed under Environmental Conditions

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