Flexible Polymer–Organic Solar Cells Based on P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Active Layer Constructed under Environmental Conditions

Grancharov, Georgy; Atanasova, Mariya‐Desislava; Kalinova, Radostina; Gergova, Rositsa; Popkirov, G.; Dikov, Christosko; Sendova‐Vassileva, M.

doi:10.3390/molecules26226890

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…To achieve this, a transparent and conductive material needs to be inserted into the gap between the Ag NW 31 . To date, researchers have been coating the Ag NW films with metal oxide NP including ZnO, 32 TiOx, 33 Al:ZnO (AZO) 34 . Among these materials, we employed ZnO NPs to enhance the conductivity of the nanowire film, which also improve the adherence owing to the high surface free energy 35 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward sustainable optoelectronics: solution-processed quantum dot photodetector fabrication using a surgical blade

et al. 2023

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.Fabrication of optoelectronic devices relies on expensive, energy-consuming conventional tools including chemical vapor deposition, lithography, and metal evaporation. Furthermore, the films used in these devices are usually deposited at elevated temperatures (>300 ° C) and under high vacuum, which necessitate further restrictions on the device fabrication. Developing an alternative technology would contribute to the efforts on achieving a sustainable optoelectronics technology. Keeping this in our focus, here we present a simple technique to fabricate visible photodetectors (PDs). These fully solution-processed and transparent metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) PDs employ silver nanowires (Ag NW) as the transparent electrodes replacing the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) commonly used in optoelectronic devices. By repeatedly spin coating Ag NWs on a glass substrate followed by the coating of zinc oxide nanoparticles, we obtained a highly conductive transparent electrode reaching a sheet resistance of 95 Ω / □ as measured by the four-probe method. Optical spectroscopy revealed that the transmittance of the Ag NW-ZnO films was 84% at 450 nm while the transmittance of the ITO films was 90% at the same wavelength. Following the formation of the conductive film, we scratched it using a heated surgical blade to open a gap. The scanning electron microscope images indicate that a gap of ∼30 μm is opened forming an insulating line. As the active layer, we drop-casted red-emitting CdSe/ZnS core-shell quantum dots (QDs) onto this gap to form a MSM PD. These visible QD-based PDs exhibited responsivities and detectivities up to 8.5 mA / W and 0.95 × 109 Jones, respectively at a bias voltage of 5 V and wavelength of 650 nm. These proof-of-concept PDs show that the environmentally friendly, low-cost, and energy-saving technique presented here can be an alternative to conventional, high-cost, and energy-hungry techniques while fabricating photoconductive devices.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toward sustainable optoelectronics: solution-processed quantum dot photodetector fabrication using a surgical blade

et al. 2023

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“…One of the methods that allowed us to investigate the described charge transfer phenomena in solar cells with an active layer based on a mixture of donor polymers and acceptor materials was the impedance spectroscopy method [25][26][27][28][29]35,36,[51][52][53][54][55][56]. Photoactive impedance spectroscopy (p-IS) experiments on the reference sample (ITO/PEDOT:PSS/P3H T:PCBM/Al) and photovoltaic devices with an active layer modified by adding iodine were conducted in this paper.…”

Section: Photoactive Impedance Spectroscopy Experiments and Equivalen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The commonly used equivalent circuit for organic BHJ OS cells is shown in Figure 6 [51,54,56]. Its components are directly related to the measured impedance spectrum shown in the complex plane.…”

Section: Photoactive Impedance Spectroscopy Experiments and Equivalen...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Electrical Parameters of Iodine-Doped Polymer Solar Cells at the Macro- and Nanoscale for Indoor Applications

et al. 2023

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In this work, macro- and nanodiagnostic procedures for working, third-generation photovoltaic devices based on a modified polymer:fullerene (P3HT:PCBM) absorber were conducted using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and impedance spectroscopy (IS) equipment. All experiments were performed both in the dark and under irradiation with a specific light wavelength. Photoactive Kelvin probe force microscopy (p-KPFM) and impedance spectroscopy (p-IS) experiments were conducted on half- and whole-solar cell devices. Based on the p-KPFM measurements, the surface potential (SP) and surface photovoltage (SPV) on top of the active layer at the micro/nanoscale were estimated for various light wavelengths (red, green, blue, and white). For light in the red spectrum range, which was associated with an optical absorption edge and acceptor states that occurred in the band gap of the P3HT material after doping the donor polymer with iodine, the SPV was measured at levels of 183 mV, 199 mV, and 187 mV for the samples with 0%, 5% and 10% iodine doping, respectively. In addition, a macroscale investigation enabling the determination of the electrical parameters of the studied organic solar cells (OSCs) was carried out using p-IS. Based on the data obtained during p-IS experiments, it was possible to propose a series electrical equivalent circuit to define and describe the charge transfer phenomenon in the OSCs. Estimations of data obtained from the fitting of the experimental results of p-IS under white light allowed us to evaluate the average diffusion time of electric charges at 8.15 µs, 16.66 µs, and 24.15 µs as a function of organic layer thickness for the device without doping and with 5% and 10% iodine doping. In this study, we demonstrated that correlating information obtained at the macro- and nanoscale enabled a better understanding of the electrical charge distribution of OSCs for indoor applications.

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“…Organic Flexible Solar Cells (OFSC) are promising devices due to their low weight, roll-to-roll large-scale manufacturing, and low cost. OFSC have a standard structure composed of thin films of materials stacked into a flexible substrate to rig a heterojunction up with the form: flexible substrate/anode/active layer/cathode [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] , [5] ]. There are experimental studies devoted to improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the OFSC based on the P3HT:PCBM semiconductive polymer blend, having the PET/ITO/P3HT:PCBM/Ag typical structure [ 6 ], and they exhibit an average highest efficiency around 5 % [ [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interface fails and Young’s module approximation of multilayer flexible devices through finite element method

Méndez-Hernández,

Loeza-Poot,

Vidal-Lesso

et al. 2024

Heliyon

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Flexible Polymer–Organic Solar Cells Based on P3HT:PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Active Layer Constructed under Environmental Conditions

Cited by 14 publications

References 59 publications

Toward sustainable optoelectronics: solution-processed quantum dot photodetector fabrication using a surgical blade

Toward sustainable optoelectronics: solution-processed quantum dot photodetector fabrication using a surgical blade

Determination of the Electrical Parameters of Iodine-Doped Polymer Solar Cells at the Macro- and Nanoscale for Indoor Applications

Interface fails and Young’s module approximation of multilayer flexible devices through finite element method

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