Improvement ofIn VitroOsteogenic Potential through Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Dental Tissue towards Mesenchymal-Like Stem Cells

Abstract

Constraints for the application of MSCs for bone reconstruction include restricted self-renewal and limited cell amounts. iPSC technology presents advantages over MSCs, providing homogeneous cellular populations with prolonged self-renewal and higher plasticity. However, it is unknown if the osteogenic potential of iPSCs differs from that of MSCs and if it depends on the iPSCs originating cellular source. Here, we compared the in vitro osteogenesis between stem cells from human deciduous teeth (SHED) and MSC-like cells from iPSCs from SHED (iPS-SHED) and from human dermal fibroblasts (iPS-FIB). MSC-like cells from iPS-SHED and iPS-FIB displayed fibroblast-like morphology, downregulation of pluripotency markers and upregulation of mesenchymal markers. Comparative in vitro osteogenesis analysis showed higher osteogenic potential in MSC-like cells from iPS-SHED followed by MSC-like cells from iPS-FIB and SHED. CD105 expression, reported to be inversely correlated with osteogenic potential in MSCs, did not display this pattern, considering that SHED presented lower CD105 expression. Higher osteogenic potential of MSC-like cells from iPS-SHED may be due to cellular homogeneity and/or to donor tissue epigenetic memory. Our findings strengthen the rationale for the use of iPSCs in bone bioengineering. Unveiling the molecular basis behind these differences is important for a thorough use of iPSCs in clinical scenarios.

Effects of graphene oxide and graphene oxide quantum dots on the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth

“…Currently, autologous stem cell transplantation [43], a new regenerative treatment in bone tissue engineering techniques, requires promising therapeutic stem cells. SHEDs, compared with BMSCs and DPSCs, possess the properties of being easily obtained, harmless to the human body, having a low risk of immune rejection and cross-infection, and having higher osteogenic and neurogenic differentiation capacity [11,[44][45][46]. Further, they have been recognized as promising stem cells for regenerative medicine.…”

Injectable calcium phosphate with hydrogel fibers encapsulating induced pluripotent, dental pulp and bone marrow stem cells for bone repair

“…Upon in vivo subcutaneous implantation into immunodeficient mice for 12 weeks, bone constructs engineered using BC1-iPSC-MSCs displayed higher mineral content compared with iPSC-MSCs derived from fibroblasts [50]. Another study reported that iPSCs from human deciduous teeth stem cell (SHED) exhibited significantly higher osteogenic potential than iPSCs from dermal fibroblasts via an in vitro osteogenesis comparison [51]. Hynes et al generated MSC-like cells from iPSC lines arising from three different somatic tissues: gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL) and lung, respectively [52].…”

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Dental and Nondental Tissue Regeneration: A Review of an Unexploited Potential

“…Compared to Other Types of Cells. The osteogenic differentiation ability of iPSCs-MSCs in comparison to MSCs was examined in a variety of studies [86,[93][94][95]. A study on iPSCs showed a delayed expression of osteogenic markers such as COL1A1 and bone sialoprotein (BSP) as well as weaker osteoblastic differentiation and mineral deposition, compared to human BM-MSCs in vitro [57].…”