Abstract:In this study, a protocol to induce high amount of friable callus of Boerhaavia paniculata RICH and a lipidomics technique were applied to investigate the profile of lipids to relate to those present in the roots of this plant that presented anti-inflammatory activity in the crude hexane extract. The callus culture was induced from seeds in solidified Murashige and Skoog medium containing different amounts of glucose and different concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid . The explants were kept in a g… Show more
“…After extraction in organic solvent, the solvent was removed by evaporation to obtain oil without hexane that could be fractionated and separated. The derivatization technique to characterize the intact oil (sample SW3) and saponified and unsaponified compounds used in this study was essentially that described by Souza et al (2014) , with some modifications in the temperature programming and column change.…”
Andirobeira is an Amazonian tree, the seeds of which produce a commercially valuable
oil that is used in folk medicine and in the cosmetic industry. Andiroba oil contains
components with anti-inflammatory, cicatrizing and insect-repellant actions. However,
virtually nothing is known of the safety of this oil for humans. The aim of this work
was therefore to investigate the hematotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of
andiroba oil using the comet and micronucleus assays, and to assess its antioxidant
properties and lipidome as a means of addressing safety issues. For the experiments,
andiroba oil was administered by gavage for 14 consecutive days in nulliparous female
Swiss mice randomly distributed in four groups: negative control and three doses of
oil (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day). These doses were chosen based on recommendations
of the OECD guideline no. 474 (1997). GC/MS was used to investigate the free fatty
acid, cholesterol and triterpene content of andiroba oil in a lipidomic analysis. No
clinical or behavioral alterations were observed throughout the period of treatment,
and exposure to andiroba oil at the doses and conditions used here did not result in
hematotoxic, genotoxic or mutagenic effects. Tests in vitro showed
that oil sample 3 from southwestern of Brazilian Amazon had a high antioxidant
capacity that may protect biological systems from oxidative stress, although this
activity remains to be demonstrated in vivo.
“…After extraction in organic solvent, the solvent was removed by evaporation to obtain oil without hexane that could be fractionated and separated. The derivatization technique to characterize the intact oil (sample SW3) and saponified and unsaponified compounds used in this study was essentially that described by Souza et al (2014) , with some modifications in the temperature programming and column change.…”
Andirobeira is an Amazonian tree, the seeds of which produce a commercially valuable
oil that is used in folk medicine and in the cosmetic industry. Andiroba oil contains
components with anti-inflammatory, cicatrizing and insect-repellant actions. However,
virtually nothing is known of the safety of this oil for humans. The aim of this work
was therefore to investigate the hematotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of
andiroba oil using the comet and micronucleus assays, and to assess its antioxidant
properties and lipidome as a means of addressing safety issues. For the experiments,
andiroba oil was administered by gavage for 14 consecutive days in nulliparous female
Swiss mice randomly distributed in four groups: negative control and three doses of
oil (500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg/day). These doses were chosen based on recommendations
of the OECD guideline no. 474 (1997). GC/MS was used to investigate the free fatty
acid, cholesterol and triterpene content of andiroba oil in a lipidomic analysis. No
clinical or behavioral alterations were observed throughout the period of treatment,
and exposure to andiroba oil at the doses and conditions used here did not result in
hematotoxic, genotoxic or mutagenic effects. Tests in vitro showed
that oil sample 3 from southwestern of Brazilian Amazon had a high antioxidant
capacity that may protect biological systems from oxidative stress, although this
activity remains to be demonstrated in vivo.
“…Therefore, optimizing the culture medium for improvement of callus growth is a crucial step in mass callus production. For study of in vitro production of metabolites, in addition to a suitable protocol for callus induction, obtaining large amounts of callus biomass is a prerequisite 13 . Also, setup of fast-growing in vitro cultures is an important stage for producing secondary metabolites from the plant cell cultures 14 .…”
Paclitaxel is a powerful antimitotic agent with excellent activity against a range of cancers. Hazel has been described as a paclitaxel-producing species among angiosperms. Fast-growing callus is a prerequisite for the success of callus production and then paclitaxel production. Therefore, optimizing the medium culture for enhancing callus growth is a crucial step for paclitaxel production. In this research, Murashige and Skoog (1962) (MS) medium was optimized for improving callus growth of hazel (Corylus avellana L.). The M10 medium (MS medium with pH 6.0 and supplemented with 1000 mg l−1 spirulina powder, 1000 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate and 3 g l−1 gelrite) significantly improved hazel callus growth. This modified MS medium increased callus fresh weight (55.8%) as compared to the control. M10 medium increased fatty acids yield of callus (66.7%) as compared to the control. Liquid M10 medium maintained growth over a longer period of time and also increased slightly, the paclitaxel production as compared to the control. This novel medium is promising for facilitating the mass production of hazel callus as a source of valuable metabolites including paclitaxel, linoleic and oleic acids.
“…The calluses thereby produced were friable and whitish. As mentioned by Souza et al (2014), friable calluses are distinct from compact calluses, as the former are characterized by loosely aggregated cells, with lower density and the latter are thicker aggregates of cells with higher density. The friable calluses have different cell types with different structural and histochemical characteristics, mainly characterized by the presence of cells in rapidly small growing, isodiametric, with high frequency of cell divisions (Souza et al, 2011).…”
In vitro cell suspension cultivation systems have been largely reported as safe and standardized methods for production of secondary metabolites with medicinal and agricultural interest. Capsicum annuum is one of the most widely grown vegetable in the world and its biological activities have been demonstrated against insects, fungi, bacteria and other groups of organisms. The determination of procedures for the dedifferentiation of cells into callus cells and the subsequent study of the callus growth pattern are necessary for the establishment of cell suspensions and also to subsidize studies regarding the bioactivity of its secondary metabolites. The objective of this study was to establish a protocol for dedifferentiation of leaf cells of the cultivar C. annuum cv. Etna and to determine the growth pattern of the calluses with a focus on the deceleration phase, when the callus cells must be subcultured into a liquid medium in order to establish cell suspension cultivations aiming at the production of secondary metabolites. treatment that resulted in the highest %CI, ACCC and callus weight was the combination of 4.52 µM 2,4-D + 0.44 µM BA. The calluses produced were friable and whitish and their growth pattern followed a sigmoid shape. The deceleration phase started on the 23rd day of cultivation. Callus induction in leaf explants of C. annuum cv. Etna can be achieved in MS medium supplemented with 4.52 µM 2,4-D + 0.44 µM BA, which results in high cellular proliferation; in order to start a cell suspension culture, callus cells on the 23rd day of culture should be used.
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