Improvement of BMI, Body Composition, and Body Fat Distribution With Lifestyle Modification in Japanese Americans With Impaired Glucose Tolerance

Abstract

OBJECTIVE -To determine whether diet and endurance exercise improved adiposityrelated measurements in Japanese Americans with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS-This study compared the effects of an American Heart Association (AHA) step 2 diet (Ͻ30% of total calories as fat, Ͻ7% saturated fat, 55% carbohydrate, and Ͻ200 mg cholesterol daily) plus endurance exercise for 1 h three times a week (treatment group) with an AHA step 1 diet (30% of total calories as fat, 10% saturated fat, 50% carbohydrate, and Ͻ300 mg cholesterol) plus stretching exercise three times a week (control group) on BMI, body composition (% fat), and body fat distribution at 6 and 24 months of follow-up in 64 Japanese American men and women with IGT, 58 of whom completed the study. 2 ), thigh (Ϫ13.2 Ϯ 3.6 vs. -3.6 Ϯ 3.0 cm 2 ), and thorax (Ϫ19.6 Ϯ 3.6 vs. -8.9 Ϯ 2.6 cm 2 ); and skinfold thickness at the bicep (Ϫ2.0 Ϯ 0.6 vs. 1.1 Ϯ 0.6 mm) and tricep (Ϫ3.7 Ϯ 0.8 vs. -0.9 Ϯ 0.6 mm), which continued despite moving to home-based exercise for the last 18 months. RESULTSCONCLUSIONS -Diet and endurance exercise improved BMI, body composition, and body fat distribution and, thus, may delay or prevent type 2 diabetes in Japanese Americans with IGT.

Nutrition interventions for the prevention of type 2 diabetes

“…15, 0 . 89) %/min) in the intervention group Conclusions: findings complement the DPS and the American Diabetes Prevention Study, both of which tested intensive interventions by showing that pragmatic lifestyle interventions result in improvements in obesity and whole-body IS in individuals with IGT Japanese-Americans with IGT (63) Sixty-four Japanese-American men and women with IGT Design: RCT over 2 years Aim: to determine whether diet and endurance exercise improved adiposity-related measurements in Japanese-Americans with IGT Interventions: group A (intervention), American Heart Association (AHA) step 2 diet ( % total energy; < 30 as fat, < 7 as saturated fat, 55 as carbohydrate and < 200 mg cholesterol daily) + endurance exercise for 1 h/d three times per week; group B (control), AHA step 1 diet ( % energy; 30 as fat, 10 as saturated fat, 50 as carbohydrate and < 300 mg cholesterol daily) + stretching exercise three times per week Results: after 6 months group A had a significantly greater reduction in percentage body fat, BMI, subcutaneous fat (abdomen, thigh, thorax) and skinfold thickness at the bicep and triceps; sustained positive outcomes for the last 18 months Conclusions: diet and exercise improved BMI, body composition and body fat distribution and thus may delay or prevent type 2 DM in Japanese-Americans with IGT Women in Melbourne (64) 200 women with IGT, Design: RCT Aim: intensified dietary modification for prevention of progression to DM in women with IGT Intervention: Intensified (intervention group) v. routine dietary advice (control group) Results: incidence rate of DM was 6 . 1 in the intervention group and 7 .…”

Increase in Adiposity of Type 2 Diabetes Patients following Withdrawal from Therapeutic Exercise

“…Lowered blood pressure and blood lipids and improvement in glycaemic control are some of the benefits that can accrue from maintenance of weight loss, and these often keep individuals motivated to continue with their weight-loss efforts (Craig, 2007). In a group of Japanese-Americans with impaired glucose tolerance, it was found that small changes in overall adiposity as measured by BM I could be associated with disproportionately larger changes in intra-abdominal fat following endurance exercises of about one hour, thrice weekly (Liao et al, 2002). The addition of aerobic exercises to diet intervention augmented abdominal fat loss, causing a 13% reduction in visceral adipose tissue, compared with a 7.5% reduction with diet-alone intervention (Giannopoulou et al, 2005).…”

“…Diet and endurance exercises have been proven to improve BM I, body composition and body fat distribution, thus delaying or preventing T2D in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (Liao et al, 2002). M odest weight loss, dieting or dieting and exercise resulted in similar improvements in total abdominal fat, subcutaneous adipose tissue and glycaemic status in postmenopausal women with T2D (Giannopoulou et al, 2005).…”

Qualidade de vida e características dos pacientes diabéticos

“…Diabetes type 2, in general, reveals itself in a stage of life in which the individual already has fairly consolidated habits 25 , being important to perform educative actions and discussion groups so to acquire knowledge and skills on the daily self-care necessary to handle the disease 4 . Considering the complexity of its treatment, education on diabetes is the cornerstone for handling and controlling the disease, so that patients can achieve or preserve their quality of life 26 . For the specialized care group, the results indicated that the patients who practiced physical activities had less chance of having worst QOL.…”