Background: Low basal insulin level is a risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as a result of altered insulin sensitivity pattern. However, it is uncertain if exercise may influence the occurrence of T2DM in the offspring of diabetic parents. Objective: To assess the effect of exercise on basal insulin levels in the offspring of T2DM parents compared with the offspring of non-diabetic parents.Design: The participants were assigned into four groups using a convenience sampling method; 27 Normal-weight Offspring of Non-Diabetic Parents (NONDP), 21 Normal-weight Offspring of Diabetic Parents (NODP), 26 Overweight Offspring of Non-Diabetic Parents (OONDP) and 21 Overweight Offspring of Diabetic Parents (OODP). Each participant followed a protocol of graded exercise using ''tummy trimmer'' everyday spending 30-45 minutes daily for 24 weeks. Blood samples were obtained after overnight fasting for determination of insulin level using standard methods (immunoassay technique) at baseline, six weeks, 12 weeks, 18 weeks and 24 weeks respectively.Results: There were 23/42 males (54.8%) in the study groups and 34/51 females (64.2%) in the control groups. Thirty-one (58.7%) in the control group and 24 (57.1%) in the study group were aged 21-30 years. An increase in insulin levels was recorded at 12 weeks in all groups except in NONDP where the insulin levels decreased. The insulin level change was highest in the NODP (2.25ng/ml) group.Conclusions: Graded exercise improved insulin levels in all test groups. The clinical importance of graded exercise in the prevention of diabetes mellitus among the offspring of diabetic parents may be promising.
While many studies blame low physical activity (PA) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on lack of motivation, others have inconsistently linked it with socio-demographic characteristics. This study investigated the associations among motivation, socio-demographic characteristics and low level participation in physical activity among a group of Nigerian patients with T2DM. A consenting sample of 326 T2DM patients attending diabetes clinics of the two largest hospitals in Ibadan participated in this cross-sectional study. Motivation types and PA levels were assessed using the Motivation for Physical Activity Questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire respectively. Socio-demographic data were also documented. Regression analysis was used to determine associations at p<0.05. A total of 245 (75.2%) of the participants were intrinsically motivated towards PA but only 108 (33.1%) were active at moderate-to-high levels. Motivation and duration of diagnosis were not linked with low PA while being female (OR=1.57; 95%CI =1.22-4.19), age > 60 (OR=2.42; 95%CI =1.91-3.77), no education (OR=2.21; 95%CI =1.64-4.33), retirement (OR=3.89; 95%CI =2.72-6.35) and being married (OR=1.63; 95%CI =1.14-3.66) conferred increased risks of low PA. The Nigerian T2DM patients were appropriately motivated but PA was below recommended levels. Low PA was significantly linked with more of the sociodemographic characteristics than motivational factors.
Psychosocial stress is a disabling condition and is common among people with diabetes mellitus in view of the complexity of the disorder. It is however not clear if the psychosocial stress has any link with habitual physical activity, which is an important component in the care of people with diabetes. This study was conducted to investigate the likely connection between habitual physical activity and psychosocial stress among people with type 2 diabetes. A total of 193 adults with type 2 diabetes took part in this study. Psychosocial stress was assessed using the Revised Questionnaire on Stress in patients with Diabetes (QSD-R) while physical activity was assessed using the Baecke Habitual Physical Activity Questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at p < .05. The mean age of the participants was 58.76 ± 14.27 years with mean duration of diagnosis being 6.41 ± 4. 51 years. W ith a mean score of 2.8, work activity was the main source of physical activity for the patients with the least activity index of 1.2 coming from sports participation. Hypoglycaemia and self-medication/diet were the most important sources of stress to the patients and the overall psychosocial stress was related to habitual physical activity (r =-.73, p = .002). Significantly, patients with higher physical activity index presented with lower psychosocial stress. Apart from the well-known improvement in glycaemic control, type 2 diabetes patients that participate more in physical activity may be able to reduce their psychosocial stress.
This study examined the effects of anthropometric variables and metabolic imbalance on platelet aggregation in diabetic patients. A total of 109 volunteer were used; 58 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients (28 males and 30 females) who were receiving treatment at the University College Hospital Ibadan and 51 non diabetic control recruited from residents of Agbowo and Teachers of some secondary schools within the University of Ibadan. Body mass index (BMI) and body surface area (BSA) were assessed as indices of anthropometry, fasting blood sugar (FBS), plasma cholesterol and triglycerides (TAG) were determined using standard method and platelet aggregation test was done on the whole blood. Platelet aggregation ratio was higher in non diabetic compared to the diabetic subjects (P<0.001). The mean platelet aggregation ratio was also significantly higher in the male diabetic when compared to the female diabetic group (P<0.001). There was a significant linear relationship between platelet aggregation ratio and BMI (P<0.01), age (P0.05), FBS (P< 0.01), plasma cholesterol (P<0.01) and plasma TAG (P<0.05). However, the correlation coefficient between platelet aggregation ratio and BSA is not significant. In the non diabetic control subjects the correlation coefficient is not significant. Findings from this study suggest that, the increased platelet aggregation found in diabetic patients increased significantly with increased BMI but decrease with age. The mean platelet aggregation is also increased significantly with increase metabolic imbalance.
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