Improved transesterification of waste cooking oil into biodiesel using calcined goat bone as a catalyst

Ali, Chaudhry Haider; Asif, Abdul Hannan; Iqbal, Tanveer; Qureshi, Abdul Sattar; Kazmi, Mohsin; Yasin, Saima; Danish, Muhammad; Mu, Bo‐Zhong

doi:10.1080/15567036.2018.1469691

Cited by 41 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Wang et al have used biochar derived from peat as a raw material to synthesize the 30% CaO‐doped biochar which was calcinated at 700°C that produced the biodiesel yield of 93.4% achieved at catalyst amount of 5 wt%, reaction time of 150 minutes, and 8:1 methanol/oil ratio . Ali et al employed the KOH‐doped animal bone as a heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification of waste cooking oil and achieved 84% of yield under catalyst amount of 6 wt% of oil, reactor temperature of 65°C, reaction time of 5 hours, and 800°C calcination temperature . Azduwin et al investigated the effects of oil/methanol ratio, reaction time, catalyst concentration, and reaction temperature for waste frying oil biodiesel production using waste chicken bone catalyst and achieved 87.68% yield…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…29 Ali et al employed the KOH-doped animal bone as a heterogeneous catalyst for transesterification of waste cooking oil and achieved 84% of yield under catalyst amount of 6 wt% of oil, reactor temperature of 65°C, reaction time of 5 hours, and 800°C calcination temperature. 30 Azduwin et al investigated the effects of oil/methanol ratio, reaction time, catalyst concentration, and reaction temperature for waste frying oil biodiesel production using waste chicken bone catalyst and achieved 87.68% yield. 31 This research work aimed to convert the animal bone waste into high efficient sodium-supported nHAP (Na-nHAP) catalyst for Schizochytrium biodiesel production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis, characterization, and optimization of Schizochytrium biodiesel production using Na+‐doped nanohydroxyapatite

Kowthaman

Selvan

2019

Int J Energy Res

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Summary The present work investigates the synthesis of a new and highly efficient sodium‐doped nanohydroxyapatite, as a heterogeneous catalyst for the production of fatty acid methyl esters from Schizochytrium algae oil. Sodium nitrate supported on nanohydroxyapatite catalyst was prepared using wet impregnation technique and calcinated at different temperatures. The synthesized nanocatalyst was characterized to determine the structural and morphological properties, using BET, XRD, TGA, FTIR, ICP, and TEM. Characterization results reported that the catalyst calcinated at 900°C exhibits good catalytic property. The catalyst was utilized for the production of biodiesel, under different reaction parameters through transesterification process. Response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to evaluate the best combination of molar ratio, catalyst concentration, and reaction time for transesterification process. By using point prediction method, the optimum yield of 96% was achieved at the catalyst concentration of 9.5 wt% of oil, 1:12 molar ratio, and 121‐minute reaction time. The physiochemical properties of the biodiesel were determined, and the result suggested that the biodiesel produced met ASTM D6751 standard. The catalyst exhibits good catalytic performance on reusability up to six runs without the loss of molecular activity. Therefore, the synthesized heterogeneous catalyst derived from animal bone could be efficiently used for the biodiesel production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, characterization, and optimization of Schizochytrium biodiesel production using Na+‐doped nanohydroxyapatite

Kowthaman

Selvan

2019

Int J Energy Res

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“…Two peaks around 2945 cm −1 and 2833 cm −1 in PBD were detected while this band was absent in PBO. The observed peaks around 2924 cm −1 and 2853 cm −1 suggest the presence of CH 2 and CH 3 groups and related to symmetric and antisymmetric stretching vibrations of C–H, respectively [ 34 ]. The observed band in PBD and PBO at wave number around 1712 cm −1 confirms the existence of esters group with C=O stretching bond.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the prospective of weeds (Cannabis sativa L., Parthenium hysterophorus L.) for biofuel production through nanocatalytic (Co, Ni) gasification

Tahir

Alam

et al. 2020

Biotechnol Biofuels

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Background While keeping in view various aspects of energy demand, quest for the renewable energy sources is utmost. Biomass has shown great potential as green energy source with supply of approximately 14% of world total energy demand, and great source of carbon capture. It is abundant in various forms including agricultural, forestry residues, and unwanted plants (weeds). The rapid growth of weeds not only affects the yield of the crop, but also has strong consequences on the environment. These weeds can grow with minimum nutrient input requirements, have strong ability to grow at various soil and climate environments with high value of cellulose, thus can be valuable source of energy production. Results Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Cannabis sativa L. have been employed for the production of biofuels (biogas, biodiesel and biochar) through nano-catalytic gasification by employing Co and Ni as nanocatalysts. Nanocatalysts were synthesized through well-established sol–gel method. SEM study confirms the spherical morphology of the nanocatalysts with size distribution of 20–50 nm. XRD measurements reveal that fabricated nanocatalysts have pure standard crystal structure without impurity. During gasification of Cannabis sativa L., we have extracted the 53.33% of oil, 34.66% of biochar and 12% gas whereas in the case of Parthenium hysterophorus L. 44% oil, 38.36% biochar and 17.66% of gas was measured. Electrical conductivity in biochar of Cannabis sativa L. and Parthenium hysterophorus L. was observed 0.4 dSm−1 and 0.39 dSm−1, respectively. Conclusion Present study presents the conversion of unwanted plants Parthenium hysterophorus L. and Cannabis sativa L. weeds to biofuels. Nanocatalysts help to enhance the conversion of biomass to biofuel due to large surface reactivity. Our findings suggest potential utilization of unwanted plants for biofuel production, which can help to share the burden of energy demand. Biochar produced during gasification can replace chemical fertilizers for soil remediation and to enhance the crop productivity.

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“…Rise in pollution and energy needs are among the major problems faced by mankind. Among the sources contributing to environmental degradation and energy dissipation, the major ones are coal, petroleum and natural gas . Hence, alternative sources to the existing fossil fuels are necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, alternative sources to the existing fossil fuels are necessary. Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME), also called as biodiesel is one of the best sustainable fuels suggested by many researchers . Various vegetable oils having either higher or lesser free fatty acid (FFA) can be used as feed stock in biodiesel production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and evaluation of calcined limestone as catalyst in biodiesel production from high viscous nonedible oil

Bharadwaj

Niju

Begum

et al. 2019

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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Biodiesel production by transesterification of rubber seed oil (RSO) using calcium oxide (CaO) derived from calcined limestone as a heterogeneous catalyst is presented in this study. Optimization of process parameters affecting the conversion of RSO to biodiesel is done by design of experiments (DOE) and an effective comparison of two different optimization methods, namely, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural networks (ANN) is presented. A high conversion of 95.2% was obtained at 12:1 methanol: Oil molar ratio, 4 (wt%) catalyst and 5 hr of reaction time. The proposed design model of RSM is found to fit well with the predicted conversion and with molar ratio and reaction time as the significant process parameters affecting the conversion. Best validation performance of 8.8991 occurred at epoch 4 with a mean square error (MSE) of 1.55 in ANN model trained with Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. By comparing the predicted coefficient of determination, R 2 , values of 0.8452 obtained by using RSM, and 0.9939 obtained by using ANN for biodiesel conversion, it is concluded that ANN model is the best model for predicting the percentage conversion of RSO to biodiesel with minimum error between experimental and predicted values. K E Y W O R D S artificial neural networks, biodiesel, limestone, optimization, response surface methodology, transesterification

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Improved transesterification of waste cooking oil into biodiesel using calcined goat bone as a catalyst

Cited by 41 publications

References 19 publications

Synthesis, characterization, and optimization of Schizochytrium biodiesel production using Na+‐doped nanohydroxyapatite

Synthesis, characterization, and optimization of Schizochytrium biodiesel production using Na+‐doped nanohydroxyapatite

Exploring the prospective of weeds (Cannabis sativa L., Parthenium hysterophorus L.) for biofuel production through nanocatalytic (Co, Ni) gasification

Performance and evaluation of calcined limestone as catalyst in biodiesel production from high viscous nonedible oil

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