Improved the biocompatibility of cancellous bone with compound physicochemical decellularization process

Abstract

Due to the unique microstructures and components of extracellular matrix (ECM), decellularized scaffolds had been used widely in clinical. The reaction of the host toward decellularized scaffolds depends on their biocompatibility, which should be satisfied before applied in clinical. The aim of this study is to develop a decellularized xenograft material with good biocompatibility for further bone repair, in an effective and gentle method. The existing chemical and physical decellularization techniques including ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) were combined and modified to decellularize bovine cancellous bone (CB). After decellularization, almost 100% of ɑ-Gal epitopes were removed, the combination of collagen, calcium and phosphate was reserved. The direct and indirect contact with macrophages was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity and immunological response of the materials. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used in the in vitro cells’ proliferation assay. The decellularized CB was proved has no cytotoxicity (grade 1) and no immunological response (NO, IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion inhibited), and could support MSCs proliferated continuedly. These results were similar to that of commercial decellularized human bone. This study suggests the potential of using this kind of combine decellularization process to fabricate heterogeneous ECM scaffolds for clinical application.

Development of a decellularized porcine bone graft by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction technology for bone regeneration

“…It is consistent with the findings reported by Ling et al. (2020) in which the network of porosity in a SCCO 2 decellularized bovine cancellous bone is clear with many micropores and better porosity.…”

Techniques for increasing the yield of stem cell-derived exosomes: what factors may be involved?

“…Researchers noted that, compared with the other two types of MSCs (BMSCs and ADSCs), HUMSCs derived from Wharton's jelly had the highest yield of exosomes, and the output could be further increased by approximately 20fold when a microcarrier suspension culture system was applied, or even 140-fold when a tangential flow filtration system was introduced (Haraszti et al, 2018). This work was subsequently adapted by Xu et al for the development of an exosome-based therapy (Ling et al, 2020). Furthermore, a bioreactor system invented by Tsinghua University has proven to be convenient for large-scale production of stem cell-derived exosomes (Yan et al, 2020).…”

Supercritical Fluid‐Based Decellularization Technologies for Regenerative Medicine Applications

“…Previous studies suggest that CO 2 solvent pressure between 10 and 30 Mpa displayed limited tissue deformation with effective DNA elimination. [ 14,42–44 ] In particular, it is important to understand the relationship between pressure and temperature in controlling the extraction process of a supercritical fluid. The density, viscosity, and diffusion power, which are the physical components that affect the extraction process yield, can be adjusted by controlling the pressure and temperature.…”

“…This indicates that the supercritical fluid method can replace traditional harsh decellularization methods which might destruct the tissue 3D structures and denature tissue biomolecules. [ 44 ]…”