Techniques for increasing the yield of stem cell-derived exosomes: what factors may be involved?

Feng, Zi-Yuan; Zhang, Qingyi; Tan, Jie; Xie, Huiqi

doi:10.1007/s11427-021-1997-2

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 171 publications

(196 reference statements)

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“…Although MSC-Exos were promising therapeutic agents, the research on the efficacy of MSC-Exos on bone regeneration is still in its infancy. Numerous in vitro trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of MSC-Exo in bone disease, ( Feng et al, 2021b ), while most experiments in vivo have been conducted on small animals (including rats, mice and rabbits), validating the effectiveness of MSC-Exo on bone regeneration in animal models of bone defects and diseases such as osteonecrosis and osteoporosis ( Tan et al, 2020 ), supporting the basis for clinical translation of MSC therapeutic agents ( Ren et al, 2022b ). However, the clinical trials of MSC-Exo is still limited.…”

Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 97%

MSC-Exos: Important active factor of bone regeneration

Ren

Lin

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Bone defect and repair is a common but difficult problem in restorative and reconstructive surgery. Bone tissue defects of different sizes caused by different reasons bring functional limitations and cosmetic deformities to patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), a major hotspot in the field of regeneration in recent years, have been widely used in various studies on bone tissue regeneration. Numerous studies have shown that the bone regenerative effects of MSC can be achieved through exosome-delivered messages. Although its osteogenic mechanism is still unclear, it is clear that MSC-Exos can directly or indirectly support the action of bone regeneration. It can act directly on various cells associated with osteogenesis, or by carrying substances that affect cellular activators or the local internal environment in target cells, or it can achieve activation of the osteogenic framework by binding to materials. Therefore, this review aims to summarize the types and content of effective contents of MSC-Exos in bone regeneration, as well as recent advances in the currently commonly used methods to enable the binding of MSC-Exos to the framework and to conclude that MSC-Exos is effective in promoting osteogenesis.

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Section: Future Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 97%

MSC-Exos: Important active factor of bone regeneration

Ren

Lin

Liu

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…The nanosized EVs can be secreted from almost all existing cell types ( Kucuk et al, 2021 ; Wang et al, 2022 ), and they participate in cell–cell communication ( Feng et al, 2021 ; van Niel et al, 2022 ). In a study of the EVs spontaneously flowing between non-stem cancer cells and cancer stem cells (CSC), tumors were shown to adapt and thrive depending on a cellular collaboration network mediated by EVs secreted from the CSC ( Ruivo et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Functional Communication At the Cell Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-omics of extracellular vesicles: An integrative representation of functional mediators and perspectives on lung disease study

Liu¹,

Li²,

Zeng³

2023

Front. Bioinform.

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Extracellular vesicles are secreted by almost all cell types. EVs include a broader component known as exosomes that participate in cell–cell and tissue–tissue communication via carrying diverse biological signals from one cell type or tissue to another. EVs play roles as communication messengers of the intercellular network to mediate different physiological activities or pathological changes. In particular, most EVs are natural carriers of functional cargo such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, and thus they are relevant to advancing personalized targeted therapies in clinical practice. For the application of EVs, novel bioinformatic models and methods based on high-throughput technologies and multi-omics data are required to provide a deeper understanding of their biological and biomedical characteristics. These include qualitative and quantitative representation for identifying cargo markers, local cellular communication inference for tracing the origin and production of EVs, and distant organ communication reconstruction for targeting the influential microenvironment and transferable activators. Thus, this perspective paper introduces EVs in the context of multi-omics and provides an integrative bioinformatic viewpoint of the state of current research on EVs and their applications.

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“…The presence of EVs in the extracellular space was identified in 1980 [ 3 ]. However, the secretion of EVs was initially seen as a form of secreting unwanted proteins or cellular waste resulting from either cellular damage or homeostasis [ 4 , 5 ]. In the mid-1990s, EVs were shown to induce vital immune responses, and in the last decade, with the advance of research methods and techniques, numerous studies have identified EVs as significant mediators in cell–cell communication [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production and Utility of Extracellular Vesicles with 3D Culture Methods

Ester

Day

2023

Pharmaceutics

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In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as promising biomarkers, cell-free therapeutic agents, and drug delivery carriers. Despite their great clinical potential, poor yield and unscalable production of EVs remain significant challenges. When using 3D culture methods, such as scaffolds and bioreactors, large numbers of cells can be expanded and the cell environment can be manipulated to control the cell phenotype. This has been employed to successfully increase the production of EVs as well as to enhance their therapeutic effects. The physiological relevance of 3D cultures, such as spheroids, has also provided a strategy for understanding the role of EVs in the pathogenesis of several diseases and to evaluate their role as tools to deliver drugs. Additionally, 3D culture methods can encapsulate EVs to achieve more sustained therapeutic effects as well as prevent premature clearance of EVs to enable more localised delivery and concentrated exosome dosage. This review highlights the opportunities and drawbacks of different 3D culture methods and their use in EV research.

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Techniques for increasing the yield of stem cell-derived exosomes: what factors may be involved?

Cited by 20 publications

References 171 publications

MSC-Exos: Important active factor of bone regeneration

MSC-Exos: Important active factor of bone regeneration

Multi-omics of extracellular vesicles: An integrative representation of functional mediators and perspectives on lung disease study

Production and Utility of Extracellular Vesicles with 3D Culture Methods

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