Improved blood compatibility of a stent graft by combining heparin coating and abciximab

Construction of antithrombogenic polyelectrolyte multilayer on thermoplastic polyurethane via layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly technique

“…This result was consistent with the many researches' conclusions, that is, the deposition of polyelectrolyte layers has the ability to smooth-out a rough surface. 25,26 Table II showed the roughness parameters in tapping mode by the AFM topographic images after assembly with different PEMs layers. Among these films, TPU-DS(CS-DS) 3 had the maximum mean roughness (R a , 23.4 nm) and height (R max , 125.9 nm) over an area of 25 mm 2 , whereas the minimum appeared in that of TPU (R a : 3.2 nm, R max : 7.2 nm).…”

“…When the metallic or blood-incompatible polymer is contacted with blood, it could result in protein adhesion, thrombus formation, and ultimately lead to restenosis. [22][23][24][25] Thus, a great amount of recent work has attempted to develop nonthromobogenic coatings for metallic stents. 26,27 However, few researches have been focused on polymer substrates to carry out the same intended use or therapy.…”

Heparin-immobilized polymers as non-inflammatory and non-thrombogenic coating materials for arsenic trioxide eluting stents

“…8B and C, neointimal area and thickness at 1 month post-implantation were 2.4 ± 0.4 mm 2 , 0.29 ± 0.04 mm; 3.3 ± 0.4 mm 2 , 0.42 ± 0.04 mm; 2.3 ± 0.1 mm 2 , 0.27 ± 0.02 mm; 3.3 ± 0.3 mm 2 , 0.42 ± 0.04 mm; 4.3 ± 0.1 mm 2 , 0.57 ± 0.02 mm; and 2.1 ± 0.2 mm 2 , 0.22 ± 0.02 mm for BMSs, stents coated with Co90, Hep-Co90, Hep-Co80 and Hep-Co70, and As 2 O 3 -eluting stents, respectively. Although heparin immobilization is expected to improve the biocompatibility of polymer coatings [38][39][40][41][42], distinctive vessel narrowing and a remodeling effect on the surrounding tissue induced by the severe inflammatory response could be observed in the stents coated with Co90, Hep-Co80 and Hep-Co70, as shown in Fig. 7B, D and E, respectively.…”

Surface modification of implanted cardiovascular metal stents: From antithrombosis and antirestenosis to endothelialization

“…For instance, aspirin and abciximab are used with immobilized heparin onto stents to improve blood compatibility. 118,119 The modification of polyurethane-based materials was achieved by incorporating branched polyethylenimine into the polyurethane backbone, followed by the covalent attachment of heparin to the polyethylenimine. 120 Weng et al constructed a parinylated multilayer to coat Ti-O films.…”