Importing Women to Export Strawberries (Huelva, Spain)

Abstract

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É a fome que te faz morrer, não a doença! As trabalhadoras agrícolas entre o martelo da precariedade e a bigorna da COVID-19: impactos e estratégias de sobrevivência

“…Nesse contexto, onde a produção intensiva exige "a importação de mulheres para a exportação de morangos" (Hellio, 2008), é preciso reconsiderar as condições de trabalho, os direitos sociais e o "custo amargo" das frutas e legumes (Árab e Bouzidi, 2020) que enfeitam as prateleiras dos supermercados europeus. A situação dos trabalhadores agrícolas no Marrocos ou na Europa lembra a observação do antropólogo americano David Graeber em seu livro "Bullshit jobs" (2018), de que os empregos mais úteis para a sociedade são os menos remunerados e menos reconhecidos.…”

“…O trabalho agrícola expõe essas mulheres a muitas formas de violência: física, verbal, psicológica e sexual (Árab, 2018). Embora elas sejam invisíveis, as trabalhadoras estão no centro dos sistemas de produção agrícola mais intensivos e menos ecológicos (Hellio, 2008). A precariedade é ainda mais acentuada quando as mulheres enfrentam o risco da COVID-19 e assim se veem duplamente marginalizadas sem proteção, contrato ou direitos sociais (Bouzidi, 2020;Bouzidi e Árab, 2020, Árab e Bouzidi, 2020.…”

Recruitment infrastructure within the agricultural and agrifood sector: Post-Soviet and neocolonial entanglements between “Eastern” and “Western” Europe

“…18: 39-77 come from "'West and East Africa' (mainly Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Senegal and Ivory Coast) and from 'Central and Eastern Europe' (mainly from Romania and Bulgaria)" (Perrotta 2015, 199). Provoked by uprisings of badly exploited and often illegalized (Bauder 2014) agricultural workers, recent research has explored the transformation of Mediterranean agriculture (Gertel and Sippel 2014;Corrado et al, 2017) and pointed to the intersection of agriculture and migration with experiences of racialization/ethnicization (Azzeruoli 2017;Chantal 2017) along with gendered exploitation (Hellio 2008;Peano 2017).…”

“…This community knowledge created mistrust that agencies probably try to counter by referring to the legality of the offered labor relations. A law implemented in 2008(no. 180-XVI, 10.07.2008 includes the regulation that agencies need to apply for a license before recruiting Moldovan citizens for work abroad.…”

“I wanted to see how to make money there too”: Mobility strategies of Romanian seasonal workers in the agricultural sector abroad

“…At the same time, the higher wages in their home country possibly make temporary work in the German agricultural sector less attractive (Stark andFan, 2007 in Wagner andHassel, 2016). In Italy and Spain, on the other hand, Romanians have a better status than that of African migrants (Hellio 2008, Perrota 2013, Potot 2003. As regards the Italian agricultural sector, Perrota (2013) shows that, while migrants from Burkina Faso are mostly involved in seasonal migration and manual labour, Romanians often also perform mechanised labour and have stable jobs in agriculture or are also employed in other sectors too.…”