“I wanted to see how to make money there too”: Mobility strategies of Romanian seasonal workers in the agricultural sector abroad

Abstract

Drawing on interviews with key informants and seasonal workers in Germany, Spain, Italy, Austria and the UK, and on non-participant ethnographies, this paper demonstrates that, despite various limitations associated with work in the agriculture sector, migrants strategically choose the times and destinations of their trips abroad, taking into account a variety of factors, including family commitments, economic goals at the origin, wages and working conditions, health issues and welfare opportunities. The findings illustrate that, depending on their commitments and economic objectives, Romanians who work in agriculture develop different mobility practices. While some work abroad only occasionally, when they need to supplement their home-country income, others engage in circular migration or extend the periods of time they spend abroad. In host countries, most workers try out various jobs and typically get involved in repeated migration once they have found a suitable arrangement. Some workers combine seasonal work in one or more countries of destination, over the course of the same year, with the aim of securing income for longer periods of time, while others opt for long-term migration or move into sectors that offer better opportunities.

‘Ştiu eu pe cineva’. Self-organised mobility, labour intermediation and the two-fold exploitation of Romanian workers in the Austrian fresh food sector

“…Regarding reproduction for transient workers, it is a central mechanism to ensure continuing financial remittances back home by drawing on their extensive transnational relations to find ad hoc employment when necessary. The remarks of transient workers would often echo 'I want to see how to make money there, too' (Voivozeanu 2020), before moving on due to the adversity of the conditions of labour. Established workers facilitate movements by providing job opportunities to friends and relatives, as well as manifold forms of support in the course of their arrival.…”