Importance of Porins for Biocide Efficacy against Mycobacterium smegmatis

Frenzel, Elrike; Schmidt, Štefan; Niederweis, Michael; Steinhauer, Katrin

doi:10.1128/aem.02492-10

Cited by 23 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…A lower level of the porin OmpF in the E. coli membrane decreased the strain susceptibility to BACs (64). A causal relationship between a disinfectant product containing BACs and the downregulation of porins was demonstrated for Mycobacterium smegmatis; knockout mutants for Msp porins were less susceptible to the biocide than was the wild type (68). The use of a disinfectant formulation by the authors, however, limits the extent to which the observed effect can be attributed to BACs, other components of the formula, or the mixture.…”

Section: Microbial Mechanisms Of Tolerance and Resistancementioning

confidence: 97%

Benzalkonium Chlorides: Uses, Regulatory Status, and Microbial Resistance

Pereira

Tagkopoulos

2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

220

153

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Benzalkonium chlorides (BACs) are chemicals with widespread applications due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties against bacteria, fungi, and viruses. This review provides an overview of the market for BACs, as well as regulatory measures and available data on safety, toxicity, and environmental contamination. We focus on the effect of frequent exposure of microbial communities to BACs and the potential for cross-resistant phenotypes to emerge. Toward this goal, we review BAC concentrations in consumer products, their correlation with the emergence of tolerance in microbial populations, and the associated risk potential. Our analysis suggests that the ubiquitous and frequent use of BACs in commercial products can generate selective environments that favor microbial phenotypes potentially cross-resistant to a variety of compounds. An analysis of benefits versus risks should be the guidepost for regulatory actions regarding compounds such as BACs.

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Section: Microbial Mechanisms Of Tolerance and Resistancementioning

confidence: 97%

Benzalkonium Chlorides: Uses, Regulatory Status, and Microbial Resistance

Pereira

Tagkopoulos

2019

Appl Environ Microbiol

220

153

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“…Selection of an appropriate biocide depends on the presence of other chemical compounds in liquids, such as anti-corrosion formulations and, above all, on their antimicrobial activity at high inoculum density. Periodical microbiological examination resistance (even eight fold in the porin triple mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis) to biocides and enhance their survival in the hostile environment [49]. The biocide resistance of biofilm-grown M. immunogenum has appeared to be 3-to 100-fold higher than that of the planktonic mycobacteria [5].…”

Section: Control Of the Microbial Load In Mwfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microorganisms in metalworking fluids: Current issues in research and management

Trafny¹

2013

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

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The microbial contamination of water miscible metalworking fluids (MWFs) is a serious problem in metal industry. A good maintenance of MWF re-circulation systems can extend the lifetime of coolants and ensure the quality of the tools produced. In MWFs, as in the other water-based environments, microorganisms usually live in the form of biofilms, the communities of bacteria and fungi attached to the surface of sumps, metal parts and also to each other. Biofilms exhibit very high resistance to biocides. The effect of biocides that are used as additives to MWFs to control the growth of the bacterial and fungal microbiomes (microorganisms characteristic to the individual coolant system) have become the subject of research only in recent years. There are also only sparse reports on the impact of biocides on microorganisms growing in biofilms in MWF installations. Fast growing mycobacteria are important members of these biofilm communities. Their presence has recently been linked with the occurrence of cases of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, a serious respiratory disorder in the metal industry employees. The new, relatively fast and inexpensive techniques to assess the species diversity within MWF microbiomes and their population size should be developed in order to control the microorganisms' proliferation in MWFs and to diminish the occupational exposure to harmful bioaerosols in metal industry.

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“…Concerns over the emergence of globally-circulating virulent clones of M. abscessus complex species 25 coupled to reports of rapidly growing mycobacteria presenting resistance to aldehyde-based products, including recently, during the largest outbreak ever reported of M. abscessus complex infections in Brazil, 3–4,6 and the finding that some of the mechanisms of resistance to aldehydes evolved by NTM may confer cross-resistance to other disinfectants and antibiotics, 17,19 led us to systematically investigate the susceptibility profile of a collection of GTA-resistant M. chelonae and M. abscessus subsp. massiliense isolates to various disinfectant chemistries using two different testing methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…17 Reduced porin expression in the rapidly-growing Mycobacterium species, Mycobacterium smegmatis , has indeed been associated with increased resistance not only to aldehyde-based products but also quaternary ammonium compounds, isothiazolinones, methylenbisoxazolidine and lipophilic biocides such as polyhexamethylene biguanine and octenidine dihydrochloride, in addition to multiple antibiotics. 17–19 Furthermore, five studies reported that GTA-resistant M. chelonae and M. abscessus strains isolated either experimentally or from endoscope washer disinfectors presented an increased resistance to peracetic acid, peroxygen, sodium dichloroisocyanurate or quaternary ammonium compounds. 13–14,20–22 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfectant Susceptibility Profiling of Glutaraldehyde-Resistant Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

Burgess

Margolis

Gibbs

et al. 2017

Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol.

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Objective Activated alkaline glutaraldehyde remains one of the most widely used high-level disinfectant across the world. Yet, several reports have highlighted the potential for nontuberculous mycobacteria to develop high-level resistance to this product. Because aldehyde resistance may lead to cross-resistance to other biocides, we set out to investigate the susceptibility profile of glutaraldehyde-resistant Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus isolates to various disinfectant chemistries. Methods High-level disinfectants commonly used in the reprocessing of endoscopes and other heat-sensitive, semicritical medical equipment, including different formulations of aldehyde-based products and oxidizing agents, were tested against ten slow- and fast-growing, glutaraldehyde-susceptible and glutaraldehyde-resistant, Mycobacterium isolates in suspension and carrier tests at different temperatures. Results While peracetic acid- and hydrogen peroxide-based disinfectants (S40™, Resert™ XL, Reliance™ DG) efficiently killed all of the Mycobacterium isolates, glutaraldehyde- and ortho-phthalaldehyde-based products (Cidex®, Aldahol®, Cidex® OPA) showed variable efficacy against glutaraldehyde-resistant strains despite the ability of some formulations (Aldahol®) to overcome the resistance of some of these isolates, especially when the temperature was increased from 20 to 25°C. Conclusions Application permitting, oxidizing chemistries may provide a safe alternative to aldehyde-based products, particularly in the case of GTA-resistant mycobacterial outbreaks.

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Importance of Porins for Biocide Efficacy against Mycobacterium smegmatis

Cited by 23 publications

References 42 publications

Benzalkonium Chlorides: Uses, Regulatory Status, and Microbial Resistance

Benzalkonium Chlorides: Uses, Regulatory Status, and Microbial Resistance

Microorganisms in metalworking fluids: Current issues in research and management

Disinfectant Susceptibility Profiling of Glutaraldehyde-Resistant Nontuberculous Mycobacteria

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