Implications of the aerosol size distribution modal structure of trace and major elements on human exposure, inhaled dose and relevance to the PM2.5 and PM10 metrics in a European pollution hotspot urban area

Zwoździak, A.; Gini, Maria I.; Samek, Lucyna; Rogula–Kozłowska, Wioletta; Sówka, Izabela; Eleftheriadis, Konstantinos

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2016.10.004

Cited by 72 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Particulate matter (PM), also known as particulates, is a complex mixture of different chemical components including water soluble ions, trace metals and organic compounds which originate from a wide range of natural and anthropogenic sources [10][11][12]. The negative effect of particulates on human health is widely documented in literature on the subject [13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regions of pollution with particulate matter in Poland

Rawicki

Czarnecka

Nidzgorska-Lencewicz

2018

E3S Web of Conferences

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Abstract. The study presents the temporal and spatial variability of particulate matter concentration in Poland in the calendar winter season (December-February). The basis for the study were the hourly and daily values of particulate matter PM10 concentration from the period 2005/06 -2014/15, obtained from 33 air pollution monitoring stations. In Poland, the obligation to monitor the concentration of the finer fraction of particles smaller than 2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter was introduced only in 2010. Consequently, data on PM2.5 concentration refer to a shorter period, i.e. 2009/10 -2014/15, and were obtained from 23 stations. Using the cluster analysis (k-means method), three regions of comparable variability of particulate matter concentration were delineated. The largest region, i.e. Region I, comprises the northern and eastern central area of Poland, and its southern boundary is along the line Gorzów Wlkp-Bydgoszcz-KoninŁódź-Kielce-Lublin. Markedly smaller Region II is located to the south of Region I. By far the smallest area was designated to Region III which covers the south west area of Poland. The delineated regions show a marked variability in terms of mean concentration of both PM fractions in winter (PM10: region I -33 μg•m -3 , region II -55 μg•m -3 , region III -83 μg•m -3 ; PM2,5: region I -35 μg•m -3 , region II -50 μg•m -3 , region III -60 μg•m -3 ) and, in the case of PM10, the frequency of excessive daily limit value.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regions of pollution with particulate matter in Poland

Rawicki

Czarnecka

Nidzgorska-Lencewicz

2018

E3S Web of Conferences

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“…The distinct physico-chemical and toxic properties of anthropogenic and naturally emitted aerosol call for a differentiation of peak concentration days due to anthropogenic pollution or natural events, when assessing population exposure and dose-effect relationships. On the other hand, extreme natural events that lead to very high exposures may still adversely affect human health, especially in the case of exposures on markedly different aerosol size fractions (Zwozdziak et al, 2017) or sensitive population subgroups (Perez et al, 2008).…”

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confidence: 99%

AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2. 5</sub> concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values

et al. 2017

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Abstract. The contribution of natural sources to ambient air particulate matter (PM) concentrations is often not considered; however, it may be significant for certain areas and during specific periods of the year. In the framework of the AIRUSE-LIFE+ project, state-of-the-art methods have been employed for assessing the contribution of major natural sources (African dust, sea salt and forest fires) to PM concentrations, in southern European urban areas. 24 h measurements of PM 10 and PM 2.5 mass and chemical composition were performed over the course of a year in five cities: Porto, Barcelona, Milan, Florence and Athens. Net African dust and sea-salt concentrations were calculated based on the methodologies proposed by the EC (SEC 2011/208). The contribution of uncontrolled forest fires was calculated through receptor modelling. Sensitivity analysis with respect to the calculation of African dust was also performed, in order to identify major parameters affecting the estimated net dust concentrations. African dust contribution to PM concentrations was more pronounced in the eastern Mediterranean, with the mean annual relative contribution to PM 10 decreasing from 21 % in Athens, to 5 % in Florence, and around 2 % in Milan, Barcelona and Porto. The respective contribution to PM 2.5 was calculated equal to 14 % in Athens and from 1.3 to 2.4 % in all other cities. High seasonal variability of contributions was observed, with dust transport events occurring at different periods in the western and eastern Mediterranean basin. Sea salt was mostly related to the coarse mode and also exhibited significant seasonal variability. Sea-salt concentrations were highest in Porto, with average relative contributions equal to 12.3 % for PM 10 . Contributions from uncontrolled forest fires were quantified only for Porto and were low on an annual basis (1.4 and 1.9 % to PM 10 and PM 2.5 , respectively); nevertheless, contributions were greatly increased during events, reaching 20 and 22 % of 24 h PM 10 and PM 2.5 concentrations, respectively.

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“…Brown [84] found that particles in the range 0.1-1.0 µm show minimal deposition in the respiratory tract (total) with a large amount of these particles exhaled. Furthermore, coarse particles deposit predominantly in the ET region [38,48,[84][85][86]. For example, 75% of deposited mass in the ET region in the case of Lisbon corresponds to coarse particles.…”

Section: Calculation Of Personal Deposited Dose and Internal Dose Of mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, inhalation of manganese (Mn) particles can induce severe neurotoxical impairments [27,34]. Due to the toxicity of particles enriched with heavy metals, EU has established air quality standards for As, Cd and Pb in the PM 10 fraction with the annual limit values for the protection of human health being at 6 ng/m 3 , 5 ng/m 3 Particle size is a key factor regarding the deposition in the respiratory tract such that coarse particles due to their large size deposit mainly in the extrathoracic region (ET) while fine particles penetrate easier in the Alveolar (AI) region [35][36][37][38]. Particles deposited in the ET region are swallowed and transferred to the gastrointestinal tract (GI-tract), while, particles deposited in the AI region remain in the lungs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of the Personal Deposited Dose of Particulate Matter and Particle-Bound Metals Using Data from Selected European Cities

et al. 2018

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The present study focused on the estimation of the personal dose of airborne particles using an exposure dose model (ExDoM2). Input data from three European cities (Athens, Kuopio, Lisbon) were selected to implement the model that calculates the deposited dose and retention of particles in the respiratory tract, the mass transferred to the oesophagus and the absorption to blood as well as the dose for five particle-bound metals. Model results showed that after one day exposure higher deposited dose in the respiratory tract was obtained for Lisbon as a direct consequence of the higher PM concentration measured in this city. Moreover, the activity profile and the physical characteristics of the exposed subject had strong impact on the estimated deposited dose. Thus, light activity corresponded to higher deposited dose compared to no activity as well as an adult male exhibited higher dose, both findings associated with increased inhalation rate. Regarding the internal dose for particle-bound metals higher dose for four out of the five metals was obtained in lungs followed by the muscles for As, the gastrointestinal tract for Cr, the other tissues for Mn, the intestines for Cd and finally for Pb higher dose was found in bones and blood.

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Implications of the aerosol size distribution modal structure of trace and major elements on human exposure, inhaled dose and relevance to the PM2.5 and PM10 metrics in a European pollution hotspot urban area

Cited by 72 publications

References 56 publications

Regions of pollution with particulate matter in Poland

Regions of pollution with particulate matter in Poland

AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2. 5</sub> concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values

Estimation of the Personal Deposited Dose of Particulate Matter and Particle-Bound Metals Using Data from Selected European Cities

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Implications of the aerosol size distribution modal structure of trace and major elements on human exposure, inhaled dose and relevance to the PM2.5 and PM10 metrics in a European pollution hotspot urban area

Cited by 72 publications

References 56 publications

Regions of pollution with particulate matter in Poland

Regions of pollution with particulate matter in Poland

AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; and PM&lt;sub&gt;2. 5&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values

Estimation of the Personal Deposited Dose of Particulate Matter and Particle-Bound Metals Using Data from Selected European Cities

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AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2. 5</sub> concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values