This study presents the detailed characteristics of thermal inversions based on a 10-year aerological measurement series (2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011)(2012)(2013)(2014) conducted in Łeba (Poland). The analyses included surface-based inversions (SBIs) and elevated inversions (ELIs) in the atmospheric layer up to 3000 m. In the case of SBIs, this layer extended directly from the ground level to an altitude above which the air temperature decreases with altitude, whereas for ELIs, which have a base above ground level, only the lowermost inversion layer was taken into consideration. The results of the monthly and seasonal variations in the selected parameters for air temperature inversions (thickness-ΔZ, strength-ΔT, base-Z B ) were analysed separately at night-time (00 UTC) and daytime (12 UTC). The thermal structure of the boundary layer up to 3000 m was primarily determined by ELIs, which occurred at a frequency of approximately 70% at both times during the 24-h period. The SBIs showed a pronounced temporal structure that occurred every second night throughout the year and from April to September, with a frequency similar to that of the ELI (approximately 60%). The worst vertical air exchange conditions, which resulted from the simultaneous occurrence of SBIs and ELIs, were found in 30% of nights from April to October. Elevated inversions generally formed in a layer from approximately 820 to 1200 m, which was the lowermost ELI in winter and the highest ELI in summer; however, in all seasons, the lowest base height was characteristic of daytime inversions. Both surface-based and elevated inversion layers were distinguished by comparable thicknesses, particularly for those occurring at night-time (generally within the range of 150-200 m). From November to March, greater thicknesses were identified in ELIs with lower occurrences, whereas SBIs were identified in the remaining months of the year.

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Abstract. The study presents the temporal and spatial variability of particulate matter concentration in Poland in the calendar winter season (December-February). The basis for the study were the hourly and daily values of particulate matter PM10 concentration from the period 2005/06 -2014/15, obtained from 33 air pollution monitoring stations. In Poland, the obligation to monitor the concentration of the finer fraction of particles smaller than 2.5μm in aerodynamic diameter was introduced only in 2010. Consequently, data on PM2.5 concentration refer to a shorter period, i.e. 2009/10 -2014/15, and were obtained from 23 stations. Using the cluster analysis (k-means method), three regions of comparable variability of particulate matter concentration were delineated. The largest region, i.e. Region I, comprises the northern and eastern central area of Poland, and its southern boundary is along the line Gorzów Wlkp-Bydgoszcz-KoninŁódź-Kielce-Lublin. Markedly smaller Region II is located to the south of Region I. By far the smallest area was designated to Region III which covers the south west area of Poland. The delineated regions show a marked variability in terms of mean concentration of both PM fractions in winter (PM10: region I -33 μg•m -3 , region II -55 μg•m -3 , region III -83 μg•m -3 ; PM2,5: region I -35 μg•m -3 , region II -50 μg•m -3 , region III -60 μg•m -3 ) and, in the case of PM10, the frequency of excessive daily limit value.

STRESZCZENIEAnalizie chemicznej poddano próbki osadów dennych pochodzących z rzeki Gowienica. Próbki pobierano w latach 2014 i 2015 w wybranych punktach badawczych, które wyznaczono w zależności od sposobu zagospodarowania i użytkowania terenów przyległych. W pozyskanym materiale oznaczono zawartość całkowitą metali ciężkich tj.: Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb oraz Hg. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników analiz chemicznych wykazano podwyższone stężenia ołowiu, niklu, chromu oraz rtęci, które przekraczały wartości progowe, powyżej których obserwuje się szkodliwe oddziaływanie zanieczyszczeń (TEL). Nie stwierdzono natomiast ponadnormatywnych stężeń tych zanieczyszczeń dla wyznaczonej wartości granicznej (PEL) powyżej której obserwuje się szkodliwe oddziaływanie zanieczyszczeń na organizmy. Przeprowadzone analizy chemiczne wykazały jednak przekroczenia wartości naturalnej kobaltu (tło geochemiczne 2,0 mg⋅kg -1 ) dla osadów wodnych Polski w poszczególnych punktach badawczych. Przyczyną tych przekroczeń w pobranych osadach dennych były najprawdopodobniej spływy powierzchniowe z pól i łąk w formie nawozów i środków ochrony roślin oraz dopływ ścieków bytowych.Słowa kluczowe: osady denne, metale ciężkie, Gowienica THE CONTENT OF HEAVY METALS IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE WATERCOURSE IN AGRICULTURAL CATCHMENT ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE RIVER GOWIENICA ABSTRACTThe samples of bottom sediments for chemical analysis were collected from Gowienica river and its tributaries. The samples were collected in 2014 and 2015 from the established sampling points on differently managed and utilized adjacent areas. Total content of heavy metals, i.e.: Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and Hg were measured in the collected material. The results indicate that the concentrations of lead, nickel, chromium and mercury exceeded the level indicating the harmful impact of pollution (TEL) , but none of the analyzed heavy metals exceeded the limit (PEL) above which harmful effects of pollution on organisms can be observed. However, according to another classification (LAW), the analyzed sediments were between two classes (unpolluted deposits -Class I), and unpolluted / moderately polluted deposits (class I-II). Nevertheless, a chemical analysis showed that the natural cobalt concentration (geochemical background; 2.0 mg⋅kg-1) for aquatic sediments in Poland was exceeded. The reasonfor the exceed cobalt concentration in natural sediments was, most probably, the surface runoffs from fields and meadows in the form of fertilizers, plant protection products and the domestic waste water.