Impaired cognitive performance in Parkinson's disease is related to caudate dopaminergic hypofunction and hippocampal atrophy

Longitudinal Study of Gray Matter Changes in Parkinson Disease

“…[30][31][32][33] The results suggest that the loss in caudate volume contributed to the cognitive decline for both groups with time, while the striatal dopaminergic deficiency in patients with PD may worsen the caudate volume loss compared with healthy controls. A previous longitudinal study observed limbic/paralimbic loss including the hippocampus, hypothalamus, posterior cingulate cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex for patients with PD with disease progression with time.…”

Functional Neuroimaging in Parkinson's Disease

“…Indeed, PD patients with dementia have been shown to have greater loss of tracer uptake in the caudate than those without dementia (Ito et al 2002;O'Brien et al 2004). Jokinen et al (2009) found a significant correlation between verbal and visual memory functioning and caudate FDOPA uptake, although they also noted additional associations with hippocampal and prefrontal atrophy. Several other studies have shown relationships between reductions in caudate dopaminergic tracer uptake and impaired performance on tests of memory, executive, and frontal lobe function (Marie et al 1999;Muller et al 2000;Rinne et al 2000;Bruck et al 2001;van Beilen et al 2008).…”

Structural Brain Abnormalities in Patients with Parkinson Disease: A Comparative Voxel-Based Analysis Using T1-Weighted MR Imaging and Magnetization Transfer Imaging

“…1,2 In some studies of patients without dementia, brain atrophy has also been found, predominantly in the neocortical regions, but its extent and topography have been quite heterogeneous. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] A limitation of volumetric measurements is that they are sensitive only to severe tissue damage, as opposed to subtle reductions of tissue integrity that may occur without volume loss.…”