“…As a result of widespread overpopulation and 'land hunger' in the Galician countryside, almost every square metre of peasant land was cultivated (L eslie, Polonsky, Ciechanowski, & Pelczynski, 1983). Source: Own elaboration based on the results of the current study, former works (Affek, 2011(Affek, , 2015(Affek, , 2016a(Affek, , 2016bAffek, Zachwatowicz, Sosnowska, Gerlée, & Kiszka, 2017), as well as on other sources, including: Augustyn, 2004;Klijn, 2004;Kozak, 2010;Wolski, 2007 . In addition, the development of railroads and oil wells brought the Industrial Revolution to the Eastern Polish Carpathians. This provoked intensive exploitation of forests and raw materials, no longer for local needs only, but mainly for export (W illiams, 2003).…”