Impacts of climate change on air pollution levels in the Northern Hemisphere with special focus on Europe and the Arctic

Hedegaard, G. B.; Brandt, Jørgen; Christensen, J. H.; Geels, Camilla; Hansen, Kaj; Stendel, Martin

doi:10.5194/acpd-8-1757-2008

Cited by 26 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…For further details see Hedegaard (2007). The chosen species are sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ), sulphate (SO 2− 4 ), ozone (O 3 ), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ), hydroxyl radicals (OH) and isoprene (C 5 H 8 ).…”

Section: Scenario Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is alternating which of the model setups has the best ranking (for further details see Hedegaard, 2007). Summing up all the results from all the years, for all the species and for all the statistical parameters results in a total global rank of 594 for the simulation based on MM5 meteorology and 598 for the simulation based on ECHAM4-OPYC3 meteorology.…”

Section: Rankingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This distribution of layers gives the model approximately 7 layers in the boundary layer, 10 layers in the free troposphere and finally approximately 3 layers in stratosphere. For further details about the physical parameterizations and the numerical methods of the model see, Christensen (1995), Christensen (1997), Frohn (2004) and Hedegaard (2007).…”

Section: Emep Measuring Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of climate change on air pollution levels in the Northern Hemisphere with special focus on Europe and the Arctic

et al. 2008

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Abstract. The response of a selected number of chemical species is inspected with respect to climate change. The coupled Atmosphere-Ocean General Circulation Model ECHAM4-OPYC3 is providing meteorological fields for the Chemical long-range Transport Model DEHM. Three selected decades (1990s, 2040s and 2090s) are inspected. The 1990s are used as a reference and validation period. In this decade an evaluation of the output from the DEHM model with ECHAM4-OPYC3 meteorology input data is carried out. The model results are tested against similar model simulations with MM5 meteorology and against observations from the EMEP monitoring sites in Europe.The test results from the validation period show that the overall statistics (e.g. mean values and standard deviations) are similar for the two simulations. However, as one would expect the model setup with climate input data fails to predict correctly the timing of the variability in the observations. The overall performance of the ECHAM4-OPYC3 setup as meteorological input to the DEHM model is shown to be acceptable according to the applied ranking method. It is concluded that running a chemical long-range transport model on data from a "free run" climate model is scientifically sound. From the model runs of the three decades, it is found that the overall trend detected in the evolution of the chemical species, is the same between the 1990 decade and the 2040 decade and between the 2040 decade and the 2090 decade, respectively.The dominating impacts from climate change on a large number of the chemical species are related to the predicted temperature increase. Throughout the 21th century the ECHAM4-OPYC3 projects a global mean temperature increase of 3 K with local maxima up to 11 K in the Arctic winter based on the IPCC A2 emission scenario. As a consequence of this temperature increase, the temperature dependent biogenic emission of isoprene is predicted to increase Correspondence to: G. B. Hedegaard (gbh@dmu.dk) significantly over land by the DEHM model. This leads to an increase in the O 3 production and together with an increase in water vapor to an increase in the number of free OH radicals. Furthermore this increase in the number of OH radicals contributes to a significant change in the typical life time of many species, since OH are participating in a large number of chemical reactions. It is e.g. found that more SO 2− 4 will be present in the future over the already polluted areas and this increase can be explained by an enhanced conversion of SO 2 to SO 2− 4 .

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Section: Scenario Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rankingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Emep Measuring Networkmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impacts of climate change on air pollution levels in the Northern Hemisphere with special focus on Europe and the Arctic

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“…Furthermore, since emission rates of natural sources often depend strongly on meteorological conditions (e.g. temperature and wind speed); their contributions to air pollution levels are expected to change in the future with a changing climate (Heald et al, 2008;Jiang et al, 2010;Hedegaard et al, 2008Hedegaard et al, , 2012Hedegaard et al, , 2013. Although efforts have been carried out to investigate and quantify natural emissions, the uncertainties and gaps with regard to these emissions are still quite large (Williams et al, 2013;Schultz et al, 2008;Guenther et al, 1995Guenther et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the contributions of natural emissions to ozone and total fine PM concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Accurate estimates of emissions from natural sources are needed for reliable predictions of ozone and fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) using air quality models. In this study, the large-scale atmospheric chemistry transport model, DEHM (the Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model) is further developed, evaluated and applied to study and quantify the contributions of natural emissions of VOCs, NO x , NH 3 , SO 2 , CH 4 , PM, CO and sea salt to the concentration of ozone and formation of PM 2.5 for the year 2006. Natural source categories adopted in the recent model are vegetation, lightning, soils, wild animals and oceans. In this study, the model has been further developed to include more Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs) and to implement a scheme for secondary organic aerosols as well as an updated description of sea-salt emissions. Our simulations indicate that in the Northern Hemisphere the contribution from natural emissions to the average annual ozone mixing ratios over land is between 4-30 ppbV. Among the natural emissions, BVOCs are found to be the most significant contributors to ozone formation in 2006, enhancing the average ozone mixing ratio by about 11 % over the land areas of the Northern Hemisphere. The relative contribution of all the natural emissions to ozone is found to be highest in the northern part of South America by about 42 %. Similarly, the highest contribution of all the natural sources to total fine particles over land is found to be in South America by about 74 % and sea-salt aerosols demonstrated to play the most important role. However, over the rest of the regions in the model domain the largest contribution from the natural sources to PM 2.5 in the specific year 2006 is due to wildfires. The contribution from natural emissions to the mean PM 2.5 concentration over the land areas in the model domain is about 34 %.

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“…The Danish Eulerean Hemispheric Model (DEHM) predicts that temperature dependent biogenic emission of isoprene will increase significantly over land [46]. This would lead to greater ozone production and, together with an increase in water vapor, to enhanced proliferation of free hydroxide radicals.…”

Section: European Perspective Of Environmental Factors and Climate Chmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate Change and Global Public Health

et al. 2013

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Climate change and global public health is a growing concern among the pulmonary care community. The Turkish Thoracic Society and the American Thoracic Society held special sessions during their 2013 annual conferences to discuss the impact of climate change on the environment and public health. These sessions are summarized in this review to illustrate the global consequences of climate change. Climate and its impact on air pollution and the relative incidence, timing and length of allergens in the atmosphere (pollen and allergen season) are presented. The influence of climate change on housing, indoor air quality and public health is discussed, along with how climate change is uniquely affecting low resource countries due to the process of desertification and its impact on water and food. The European and Caribbean perspectives of climate change on human vulnerability and adaption strategies are discussed, along with how federal and global policies might be implemented to mitigate the effects of climate change. Key words:Climate change, lung disease, public health, housing, mitigation İklim değişikliği ve küresel halk sağlığı akciğer hastalıkları camiasında giderek büyüyen bir endişe konusudur. Türk Toraks Derneği ve Amerikan Toraks Derneği, çevre ve halk sağlığı üzerine iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini tartışmak üzere, 2013 yıllık konferansları sırasında özel oturumlar düzenledi. Bu oturumlar iklim değişikliğinin küresel sonuçla-rını göstermek için bu derlemede özetlenmiştir. İklim ve iklimin hava kirliliği ve atmosferdeki alerjenlerin göreceli sıklığı, zamanlaması ve süresi (polen ve alerjen mevsimi) üzerindeki etkisi sunulmaktadır. İk-lim değişikliğinin konut, iç ortam hava kalitesi ve halk sağlığı üzerin-deki etkisi, çölleşme ve bunun su ve gıda üzerindeki etkisine haiz olmaları nedeniyle düşük kaynaklı ülkeleri iklim değişikliğinin özel-likle nasıl etkilediği ile birlikte tartışılmaktadır. İklim değişikliğinin Avrupa ve Karayip perspektifleri; insan zafiyeti ve adaptasyon stratejileri üzerine iklim değişikliğinin Avrupa ve Karayip perspektifleri; iklim değişikliğinin etkilerini azaltmak için federal ve küresel politikaların nasıl uygulanabileceği ile birlikte tartışılmaktadır.AnAhtAr sözcüKler: İklim değişikliği, akciğer hastalığı, halk sağlığı, konut, azaltma IntrodUctIonThere is increasing concern about how a changing world environment is affecting global public health. Climate change is contributing to rising population exposure to aeroallergens and secondary pollutants associated with adverse cardiorespiratory health effects. The purpose of this review is to provide examples of global issues and recommendations regarding climate change, patient care and policy considerations to protect public health and our global environment. This review is written for physicians, scientists, public health practitioners and health care providers around the world to gain a better understanding of the health effects of climate change and to support evidence-based global health policy. Understanding how the environment i...

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Impacts of climate change on air pollution levels in the Northern Hemisphere with special focus on Europe and the Arctic

Cited by 26 publications

References 22 publications

Impacts of climate change on air pollution levels in the Northern Hemisphere with special focus on Europe and the Arctic

Impacts of climate change on air pollution levels in the Northern Hemisphere with special focus on Europe and the Arctic

Quantifying the contributions of natural emissions to ozone and total fine PM concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere

Climate Change and Global Public Health

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