Impacto do manejo nos atributos físicohídricos de um Latossolo Vermelho sob cerrado, no município de Selvíria, Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

RESUMO. Verificouse a influência da semeadura direta, convencional e quatro plantas de cobertura na condutividade hidráulica saturada, infiltração, retenção, armazenamento de água e potencial mátrico em um Latossolo Vermelho de cerrado cultivado com milho, na Unesp de Ilha Solteira, Estado de São Paulo. Utilizouse o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, no esquema em faixas com parcelas subdivididas, com 4 blocos. As parcelas foram constituídas pelas plantas de cobertura: Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum americanum, Crotalaria juncea e Cajanus cajan e área de pousio, e as subparcelas pelos sistemas de semeadura direta (SD) e convencional (SC). Nas camadas de 0,00,10 e 0,100,20 m nas tensões entre 6 e 100 kPa, a SC obteve maior armazenamento de água no solo; apesar da SC (0 0,20 m) apresentar maior armazenamento de água, comparado à SD, o mesmo foi menos eficiente em disponibilizar água às plantas; a SD apresentou maior uniformidade de distribuição de água no perfil do solo. Palavraschave: condutividade hidráulica do solo saturado, infiltração, retenção água no solo, armazenamento de água no solo, potencial mátrico. ABSTRACT. The impact of management on the physical and hydrological attributes of a darkred latosol under cerrado in Selviria, State of Mato Grosso do Sul. This research work studied the influence of notillage, conventional tillage and four ground cover plants on the saturated hydraulic conductivity, infiltration, retention, storage of water and matric potential in a DARKRED LATOSOL under cerrado, cultivated with maize. The study was conducted at Unesp of Ilha Solteira, State of São Paulo. A completely randomized design was used with subdivided parcels (randomized block design), with five treatments and four repetitions. The parcels were constituted of the following ground cover plants: Mucuna aterrima, Pennisetum americanum, Crotalaria juncea, Cajanus cajan and an area of spontaneous vegetation. As for the parcels subdivisions, the systems of soil management implemented were notillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT). In the layers of 0.00.10 and 0.100.20 m, for tensions between 6 and 100 kPa, the CT system made the soil achieve greater water storage. Although CT (0-0.20 m) presented greater water storage compared to the NT, the same was less efficient in making the stored water available to the plants. The NT presented greater uniformity of water distribution in the profile of the soil.

Nitrogen doses and water balance components at phenological stages of corn

“…Su et al (2007) investigated the effects of conservation tillage practices on soil water storage, and verified that the highest water storage value after six years was obtained under NTS. Different results were obtained by Silva et al (2006), who observed greater water storage under the conventional than in the NTS. Nevertheless, the latter was more efficient in terms of available stored water for the plants.…”

<b>Weed control methods effect on the hydraulic attributes of a Latosol

“…Soil structure also strongly affects the SWRC, mainly at high pressure heads (Klute, 1986;Stange & Horn, 2005). Changes in the soil porous system due to management practices or natural processes can lead to modifications in the amount and size of interaggregate pores, which greatly affect the shape and consequently, the slope of the SWRC (Silva, Alves, Sousa, & Fernandes, 2006;Cássaro, Borkowski, Pires, Rosa, & Saab, 2011). The soil organic matter content also influences the water retained at different potentials (Lal & Shukla, 2004).…”