Impact on Growth and Secondary Metabolites in White Poplar (Populus alba L.) Callus using SeNPs@Moringa

Abstract

Background: Green synthesis of nanoparticles has provided a cost-effective, environmentally friendly method, as well as raised safe strategies for the synthesis of nanomaterials. In this study, we investigated the synthesis of selenium nanoparticles from the leaf aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera (MO-SeNPs) and studied the effect of MO-SeNPs and Moringa extract with various concentrations on growth, active constituents, and antioxidant activity (scavenging DPPH) of Populus alba callus. MS medium supplemented with 2, 4-D at 2 mg/l + 0.5 mg/l BA took the maximum callus induction percentage (100%), increasing the callus fresh weight, dry weight, and degree of callus formation compared with 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/l Kin. Methods: The highest values of callus fresh and dry weight were recorded on MS containing 20% MO-SeNPs. Regarding the active constituents, the GC-MS chromatogram revealed the presence of 23 major compounds identified in the chloroform extract. The phytoconstituents with maximum peak area in callus extract are Tetradecane, Hexadecen-1-ol,trans-9-, 5-Octadecene, (Benzene, 1-pentyloctyl), (Benzene, 1-butylnonyl), Cycloeicosane, and 10-Heneicosene in all treatments. Moringa extract and MO-SeNPs stimulate the increase of compounds in the callus compared to control. In this regard, MO-SeNPs 5% led to a higher increase in the area percent of active substances compared to the treatment of Moringa extract and control. Results: Concerning the antioxidant activity, the results indicated that Moringa extract and MO-SeNPs had a positive effect on scavenging DPPH compared with the control. Conclusion : The highest percentages of scavenging DPPH were recorded when Populus alba L. callus was treated with MO-SeNPs 20%, 10%, and Moringa extract 20%, percentages reached 84.65, 75.35, and 71.94 %, respectively.