“…Previous studies have highlighted the ability of shade trees to modify microclimate conditions. For example, when moving from an unshaded monoculture into an agroforestry system, maximum air temperature decreases (Pezzopane, Marsetti et al, 2011; Pezzopane, Souza et al, 2011), minimum air temperature increases (Siles et al, 2010), relative humidity increases (DaMatta et al, 2007; Ehrenbergerová et al, 2017; López‐Bravo et al, 2012), leaf wetness frequency increases (López‐Bravo et al, 2012), and TKE increases (Avelino et al, 2020; Liu et al, 2018). It may be these marked changes from unshaded to shaded positions that substantiates canopy openness as the main driver of differences in microclimate conditions.…”