Impact of the 1997–98 El Niño Event on lightning activity over Indonesia

Hamid, Effrina Yanti; Kawasaki, Zen‐Ichiro; Mardiana, Redy

doi:10.1029/2000gl011374

Cited by 108 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Meteorology, semi-direct, and indirect forcing: Through perturbation of the surface radiation budgets, aerosol particles impact sensible and latent heat fluxes (Bala Subrahamanyam et al, 2011). With respect to cloud development, there have been suggestions of both increased storm and lighting severity (Hamid et al, 2001;Yuan et al, 2011) and perhaps precipitation effects (Rosenfeld, 1999;Jiang et al, 2008;Tosca et al, 2010). It is hypothesized that absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere coupled with the microphysical influence of aerosol particles on cloud droplets impact cloud formation and lifetime (Mcfarquahar and Wang, 2006; as well as precipitation (Barbel, 2007;Tosca et al, 2010).…”

Section: Interdisciplinary Nature Of Aerosol Impacts In Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Observing and understanding the Southeast Asian aerosol system by remote sensing: An initial review and analysis for the Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program

Reid¹,

Hyer²,

Johnson

et al. 2013

Atmospheric Research

298

264

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Section: Interdisciplinary Nature Of Aerosol Impacts In Seamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lightning frequency is often used as an indicator of severe storms as well as a metric for storm intensification due to the impact of aerosol particles (Hamid et al, 2001;Yuan et al, 2011). A climatology of SEA combining nighttime cloud-to-cloud and cloud-to-ground lightning is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Key Monsoonal Featuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observing and understanding the Southeast Asian aerosol system by remote sensing: An initial review and analysis for the Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program

Reid¹,

Hyer²,

Johnson

et al. 2013

Atmospheric Research

298

264

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“…Because tropical storms and deep convection are directly linked to the transport of momentum, heat and moisture in the atmosphere, several changes in atmospheric circulation during El Nino event could possibly influence storm frequency and intensity and therefore lightning activity (Williams, 1992b). One such aspect of storms is lightning activity (Hamid et al, 2001) and it is related to (1) the stage of convective cloud development (Williams, 1989) (2) the intensity of updrafts (Lhermitte and Williams, 1983;Williams, 1992a), CAPE (Williams et al, 1992b;Williams and Renno, 1993) and (3) surface air temperature (Williams, 1992a;Williams et al, 1992b;Price, 1993;Williams, 1994;).…”

Section: El Nino and Lightning Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The possible explanation for increase in the lightning activity during the El Nino year is given below. Hamid et al (2001) examined the impact of El Nino event on lightning activity over Indonesia, and results showed that on ocean during the El Nino period (normal period) the number of convective storms decreases (increases), while the number of lightning flashes remains low. Over the land and coast during the El Nino period (normal period), the number of convective storms decreases (increases) while the number of lightning flashes increases (decreases).…”

Section: El Nino and Lightning Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Land‐ocean contrasts in lightning activity over the Indian region

Kandalgaonkar

Kulkarni

Tinmaker

et al. 2009

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Land-ocean contrasts in the lightning activity over Indian land and two surrounding oceanic regions viz. Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal have been studied. Satellite-based lightning flash data for 5-year (1998-2002) period have been used. The study revealed that lightning activity over Bay of Bengal was three times higher than that over Arabian Sea and 9.3 times lower than that over land. The bimodal distribution is seen over Arabian Sea (peaks in April and November), and land (peaks in May and September). A unimodal distribution is observed over Bay of Bengal with peak in May. The maximum activity over Bay of Bengal occurs more at northern latitudes (28-30°N) compared with Arabian Sea (12-14°N). The land-ocean contrast is dominated by monsoon season. Comparison of lightning activity in the El Nino (2002) and La Nina year (1998)(1999)(2000)(2001) shows that the lightning activity is increased by nearly 18% over the land region and it maybe attributed to in the increase in surface air temperature during the warm phase of El Nino, land sea breeze circulations and difference in the continental and the oceanic convection.

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“…The region, including the maritime continent, South China Sea/East Sea (SCS/ES), and Sulu Sea, is thought to be highly susceptible to aerosol cloud interactions (Rosenfeld, 1999;Hamid et al, 2001;Yuan et al, 2011). Indeed, around the second half of the boreal summer monsoonal period from August to mid-October, the seasonal dry climate allows biomass burning throughout the maritime continent (MC), particularly in warm El Niño-Southern Oscillation phases (e.g, Nichol, 1998;van der Werf et al, 2004;Field and Shen, 2008;Langner and Siegert, 2009;Field et al, 2009;van der Kaars et al, 2010;Reid et al, 2012Reid et al, , 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of the temporal variability in aerosol properties and their relationships to meteorology in the summer monsoonal South China Sea/East Sea: the scale-dependent role of monsoonal flows, the Madden–Julian Oscillation, tropical cyclones, squall lines and cold pools

Reid¹,

et al. 2015

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Abstract. In a joint NRL/Manila Observatory mission, as part of the Seven SouthEast Asian Studies program (7-SEAS), a 2-week, late September 2011 research cruise in the northern Palawan archipelago was undertaken to observe the nature of southwest monsoonal aerosol particles in the South China Sea/East Sea (SCS/ES) and Sulu Sea region. Previous analyses suggested this region as a receptor for biomass burning from Borneo and Sumatra for boundary layer air entering the monsoonal trough. Anthropogenic pollution and biofuel emissions are also ubiquitous, as is heavy shipping traffic. Here, we provide an overview of the regional environment during the cruise, a time series of key aerosol and meteorological parameters, and their interrelationships. Overall, this cruise provides a narrative of the processes that control regional aerosol loadings and their possible feedbacks with clouds and precipitation. While 2011 was a moderate El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) La Niña year, higher burning activity and lower precipitation was more typical of neutral conditions. The large-scale aerosol environment was modulated by the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) and its associated tropical cyclone (TC) activity in a manner consistent with the conceptual analysis performedPublished by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. J. S. Reid et al.: Temporal variability in South Chinas Sea aerosol propertiesby Reid et al. (2012). Advancement of the MJO from phase 3 to 6 with accompanying cyclogenesis during the cruise period strengthened flow patterns in the SCS/ES that modulated aerosol life cycle. TC inflow arms of significant convection sometimes span from Sumatra to Luzon, resulting in very low particle concentrations (minimum condensation nuclei CN < 150 cm −3 , non-sea-salt PM 2.5 < 1 µg m −3 ). However, elevated carbon monoxide levels were occasionally observed suggesting passage of polluted air masses whose aerosol particles had been rained out. Conversely, two drier periods occurred with higher aerosol particle concentrations originating from Borneo and Southern Sumatra (CN > 3000 cm −3 and non-sea-salt PM 2.5 10-25 µg m −3 ). These cases corresponded with two different mechanisms of convection suppression: lower free-tropospheric dry-air intrusion from the Indian Ocean, and large-scale TC-induced subsidence. Veering vertical wind shear also resulted in aerosol transport into this region being mainly in the marine boundary layer (MBL), although lower free troposphere transport was possible on the western sides of Sumatra and Borneo. At the hourly time scale, particle concentrations were observed to be modulated by integer factors through convection and associated cold pools. Geostationary satellite observations suggest that convection often takes the form of squall lines, which are bowed up to 500 km across the monsoonal flow and 50 km wide. These squall lines, initiated by cold pools from large thunderstorms and likely sustained by a veering vertical wind shear and aforementioned mid-troposphere dr...

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Impact of the 1997–98 El Niño Event on lightning activity over Indonesia

Cited by 108 publications

References 19 publications

Observing and understanding the Southeast Asian aerosol system by remote sensing: An initial review and analysis for the Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program

Observing and understanding the Southeast Asian aerosol system by remote sensing: An initial review and analysis for the Seven Southeast Asian Studies (7SEAS) program

Land‐ocean contrasts in lightning activity over the Indian region

Observations of the temporal variability in aerosol properties and their relationships to meteorology in the summer monsoonal South China Sea/East Sea: the scale-dependent role of monsoonal flows, the Madden–Julian Oscillation, tropical cyclones, squall lines and cold pools

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