Land‐ocean contrasts in lightning activity over the Indian region

Kandalgaonkar, S. S.; Kulkarni, J. R.; Tinmaker, M. I. R.; Kulkarni, M. K.

doi:10.1002/joc.1970

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…The above findings depict that land manifests higher FCPD than ocean but for lower FCPD the frequency is higher over ocean. This finding reconfirms the observation of Kandalgaonkar et al (2010).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Cloud — Aerosol interaction during lightning activity over land and ocean: Precipitation pattern assessment

Pal

Chaudhuri

Chowdhury

et al. 2016

Asia-Pacific J Atmos Sci

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The present study attempts to identify the land -ocean contrast in cloud -aerosol relation during lightning and non-lightning days and its effect on subsequent precipitation pattern. The thermal hypothesis in view of Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) behind the land -ocean contrast is observed to be insignificant in the present study region. The result shows that the lightning activities are significantly and positively correlated with aerosols over both land and ocean in case of low aerosol loading whereas for high aerosol loading the correlation is significant but, only over land. The study attempts to comprehend the mechanism through which the aerosol and lightning interact using the concept of aerosol indirect effect that includes the study of cloud effective radius, cloud fraction and precipitation rate. The result shows that the increase in lightning activity over ocean might have been caused due to the first aerosol indirect effect, while over land the aerosol indirect effect might have been suppressed due to lightning. Thus, depending on the region and relation between cloud parameters it is observed that the precipitation rate decreases (increases) over ocean during lightning (non-lightning) days. On the other hand during non-lightning days, the precipitation rate decreases over land.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Cloud — Aerosol interaction during lightning activity over land and ocean: Precipitation pattern assessment

Pal

Chaudhuri

Chowdhury

et al. 2016

Asia-Pacific J Atmos Sci

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“…Thus, the higher magnitude of the lightning activity over the BoB compared with that over the AS may be attributed to an increase in convection because of higher SSTs. These results are in agreement with previous studies (Kandalgaonkar et al, 2002(Kandalgaonkar et al, , 2010.…”

Section: Data and Source Descriptionsupporting

confidence: 96%

“…Their study showed that the highest SSTs occurred over the BoB in May to June and the lowest in December. Convection over the oceans depends primarily on SSTs (Kandalgaonkar, Kulkarni, Tinmaker, & Kulkarni, 2010). Thus, the higher magnitude of the lightning activity over the BoB compared with that over the AS may be attributed to an increase in convection because of higher SSTs.…”

Section: Data and Source Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Climatology of Lightning Activity over the Indian Seas

2014

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The climatology of lightning activity over the Indian seas (Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB)) has been studied using monthly satellite-based lightning flash count grid (0.5°× 0.5°) data from 1998 to 2007. These data have been used to investigate the annual and seasonal variations in lightning activity over the Indian seas. It was found that annual variations in flash rate density and sea surface temperature (SST) show a bimodal pattern with the first peak occurring in May and the second in October. The correlation coefficients between flash rate density and SSTs are 0.76 and 0.65 for the AS and BoB, respectively. Further, the relationship between flash rate density and a low pressure system (LPS) over the BoB shows that the formation of severe tropical cyclonic storms starts during April with the maximum number of storms forming during August. The performance of monsoon on a seasonal and monthly basis depends on the total number of lows, the formation of a depression in the monsoon trough, and the number of days with an LPS. Secular decreases in the number of lows and monsoon depressions were observed in 2000 , and 2004, results indicate that the peaks in SST during April and September/October over the AS and the BoB may be responsible for advancing the onset of the southwest and northeast monsoon by 30-40 days.RÉSUMÉ [Traduit par la rédaction] Nous avons étudié la climatologie de la foudre dans les mers de l'océan Indien [mer d'Arabie (MA) et golfe du Bengale (GB)] à l'aide des données mensuelles satellitaires sur grille (0,5°× 0,5°) de compte d'éclairs de 1997 à 2007. Nous avons utilisé ces données pour examiner les variations annuelles et saisonnières dans l'activité de la foudre dans les mers de l'océan Indien. Nous avons trouvé que les variations annuelles dans la densité de fréquence des éclairs et dans la température de surface de la mer affichent une configuration bimodale, avec un premier pic se produisant en mai et un second en octobre. Les coefficients de corrélation entre la densité de fréquence des éclairs et la température de surface de la mer sont de 0,76 et 0,65 pour la MA et le GB, respectivement. De plus, la relation entre la densité de fréquence des éclairs et un système de basse pression dans le GB montre que la formation de fortes tempêtes cycloniques débute en avril avec un nombre maximum de tempêtes se formant en août. La performance de la mousson sur une base saisonnière et mensuelle dépend du nombre total de systèmes de basse pression, de la formation d'une dépression dans le creux de mousson et du nombre de jours avec un système de basse pression. Nous avons observé des diminutions séculaires dans le nombre de systèmes de basse pression et de dépressions de la mousson en 2000, 2002 et 2004. Dans l'ensemble, les résultats indiquent que les pics dans la température de surface de la mer en avril et en septembre/octobre dans la MA et le GB peuvent expliquer l'avance de 30 à 40 jours de la mousson du sud-ouest et de la mousson du nord-est.

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“…These studies significantly add not only in understanding the spatio‐temporal variability of lightning activity in particular area of investigation (Lal and Pawar, 2009; Ramesh Kumar and Kamra, 2010; Tinmaker et al ., 2010, 2014, 2015; Tinmaker and Ali, 2012; Siingh et al ., 2014; Lal et al ., 2018; Mushtaq et al ., 2018) but also over the whole Indian region (Kandalgaonkar et al ., 2003; Kandalgaonkar et al ., 2005; Yoshida et al ., 2007, Ranalkar and Chaudhari (2009); Murugavel et al ., 2014; Chate et al ., 2017; Nath et al ., 2009; Tinmaker et al ., 2019). In addition, these studies deal with some particular features such as the land‐ocean contrast (Nath et al ., 2009; Kandalgaonkar et al ., 2010a; Kandalgaonkar et al ., 2010b; Chate et al ., 2017), asymmetry in eastern and western parts of India (Nath et al ., 2009; Tinmaker and Chate, 2013), effect of El‐Nino and La‐Nina events (Siingh et al ., 2017; Saha et al ., 2017a; Tinmaker et al ., 2017a, 2017b; Saha et al ., 2017b) on the lightning activity and its temporal distribution in tropical cyclones over north Indian Ocean (Ranalkar et al ., 2017). Most of these localized case studies suggest that a relationship exists between the lightning flash rate and meteorological parameters, which govern the formation and development of storms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional variability in lightning activity over South Asia

Kamra

Kumar

2020

Intl Journal of Climatology

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The regional variability of lightning activity over 10 different regions, selected with at least one major meteorological/topographical feature, of South Asia (8 N-36 N, 90 E-100 E) have been examined on all time scales from the data obtained from July 1995 to December 2013 from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission satellite. A comparative study of the correlation coefficients calculated between lightning flash rate and convective parameters, aerosol optical depth (AOD) and topography for different regions is carried out. Impact of the progress of the Asian Monsoon on the spatio-temporal variability of flash rate is also examined. Monthly-averaged variations are annual at the regions >2,700 m in altitude and are semi-annual at the regions <2,700 m in altitude. The annually averaged flash rates increase during the study period in most of the regions. However, such long-term changes are nonlinearly related to the change in convective parameters and AOD and such interrelationships differ from one meteorological region to another. Small changes in AOD in high altitude regions are associated with very large changes in the surface temperature and flash rate. The flash rate is strongly correlated with surface temperature in the dry region of the northwest but with CAPE in moist region of the northeast. Progress of the Asian monsoon strongly impacts the flash rate in different regions. Ratio of the amplitudes of primary to secondary maxima at land stations increases with latitude in case of the monthly-averaged variations in flash rate. The primary maxima in these variations are highly correlated with the atmospheric surface temperature. However, the secondary maxima are associated with the low-level convergence during the withdrawal phase of the monsoon. Incursion of moisture by the Bay of Bengal branch of monsoon current determines the sequence of occurrence of lightning activity in different regions along the Himalayan foothills and northwest .

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Land‐ocean contrasts in lightning activity over the Indian region

Cited by 20 publications

References 67 publications

Cloud — Aerosol interaction during lightning activity over land and ocean: Precipitation pattern assessment

Cloud — Aerosol interaction during lightning activity over land and ocean: Precipitation pattern assessment

Climatology of Lightning Activity over the Indian Seas

Regional variability in lightning activity over South Asia

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