Impact of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus diarrhoea in The Gambia

Sanneh, Bakary; Sey, Alhagie Papa; Shah, Minesh; Tate, Jacqueline E.; Sonko, M.A.; Jagne, Sheriffo; Jarju, ModouLamin; Sowe, Dawda; Taal, Makie; Cohen, Adam L.; Parashar, Umesh D.; Mwenda, Jason M.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.02.091

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(28 reference statements)

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“…The focus of this study is on two rural communities (Kiang West and Basse) in The Gambia, a low-income country in West Africa on the southern edge of the Sahel. The Gambia is experiencing a shift in its rainfall patterns [18,19] and has a high existing seasonal health burden [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]; changes in weather patterns are likely to have substantial implications for the health of the population in the future. The Gambia, compared to other countries on the continent, appears to have a median level of groundwater recharge and a higher level of groundwater storage capacity, which means that groundwater sources should be fairly resilient to shortterm changes in climate and have a slight risk of long-term depletion [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change, seasonality and household water security in rural Gambia: A qualitative exploration of the complex relationship between weather and water

Bose,

Dreibelbis,

Green

et al. 2024

PLOS Water

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Climate change could pose a threat to water security for many communities, particularly in settings where rainfall patterns are becoming more varied and there is higher frequency of extreme events, such as heavy rainfall and droughts. Understanding how rainfall affects water security—including water access, water quality and water use behaviours—can inform investment in more climate-resilient infrastructure and safeguard against future health risks. This study aims to explore how households in rural Gambia experienced water security in relation to seasonal rainfall patterns and extreme weather events. Data collection focused on two communities (Kiang West and Basse) with differing access to water infrastructure, within which some villages had greater access to groundwater sources, such as solar-powered boreholes, and others primarily used uncovered wells. 46 participants were interviewed in Spring 2022 using multiple qualitative methods, including in-depth interviews and transect walks. We found that people’s experience of water security and rainfall (including seasonal rainfall, drought and heavy rainfall) was complex and varied according to the primary household water source. Both dry and rainy season posed challenges to household water security in terms of quality and quantity. Households with access to more resilient infrastructure, such as solar-powered boreholes, discussed a shift in the relationship between weather and water security, where they were less vulnerable to water shortages during dry conditions compared to those using wells. However, these sources did not fully resolve water security issues, as they experienced water shortages during cloudy conditions. Extreme weather events, such as heavy rainfall, heightened perceived water issues, as these events sometimes damaged water infrastructure and contaminated water sources. Seasonal workloads, that were higher in the rainy season, also jeopardised water security, as this limited time for water collection. Increased investment in infrastructure, maintenance, water-treatment and behavioural change is required to mitigate the risks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change, seasonality and household water security in rural Gambia: A qualitative exploration of the complex relationship between weather and water

Bose,

Dreibelbis,

Green

et al. 2024

PLOS Water

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“…But, children with severe rotavirus diarrhea can come to be dehydrated and regularly want intravenous solutions or they risk to dying. [10] The possibility reasons for diarrhea incidences different from place to place among children included the size of child at birth, type of toilet facility [11], quality of drinking water and lack of hygiene services reason the loss of millions of the world's poorest individuals through diarrheal illnesses each year [12,13]. Additionally, studies shows that age of child [14,15], maternal education [14,16,17], lack of awareness of mothers/caregivers [18,19], lower socio-economic status [16], distance and source of drinking water [14,20,21], latrine and hand washing facilities [22,23], breast feeding [22,24], place of residence [11,23,25], disposal of children's stool [25,26],…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends and determinants of diarrhea among under-five children in Gambia, evidence from 2013 – 2019/20 Gambian demographic and health survey; multilevel binary logistic regression and multivariate decomposition analysis

Agmas¹,

Asmare²

2022

Preprint

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Background Diarrhea is the opening of three and more movable or liquid stools per day, or more frequently than is common for the individual. It is usually an indicator of gastrointestinal infection which can be caused by a variety of bacterial, viral, and parasitic organisms. Objective This study aimed to analyze the trend and determinants of diarrhea prevalence among under-five children within the Gambia for the last five years (2013–2019/20). Methods A total of 6,705 in 2013, and 5,780 in 2019/20 under-five aged children were involved in this study. Multivariate decomposition and multilevel analysis based on a binary logistic regression analysis approach were performed. Results 74.57% of the change in diarrhea prevalence over time was attributable to differences in behavior. Unimproved water source (AOR = 1.4061; 95% CI: 1.0415–1.8982), Wollof ethnicity (AOR = 1.5442; 95% CI: 1.2196–1.9551), not vaccinated for rotavirus (AOR = 3.1476; 95% CI: 2.1486–4.6110) and for measles (AOR = 1.5128; 95% CI: 1.2384–1.8479), average birth size (AOR = 0.8038; 95% CI: 0.6555–0.9855), child age less than one year (AOR = 0.6160; 95% CI: 0.4710–0.8057). Conclusion The prevalence of diarrhea was significantly increased over the last five years and the decline was due to differences in behavior between the surveys. Source of drinking water, ethnicity, birth size, age of children, rotavirus, and measles vaccine were significantly associated with diarrhea among under-five children in the Gambia. Therefore, the Gambian régime should attention to the creation and topping up of behavioral change packages of the public regarding the protection of hygiene and sanitation of the community and their environment, vaccinating of their children to prevent diarrheal disease.

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Impact of rotavirus vaccines in Sub-Saharan African countries

Mwenda

Parashar

Cohen

et al. 2018

Vaccine

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Impact of pentavalent rotavirus vaccine against severe rotavirus diarrhoea in The Gambia

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Climate change, seasonality and household water security in rural Gambia: A qualitative exploration of the complex relationship between weather and water

Climate change, seasonality and household water security in rural Gambia: A qualitative exploration of the complex relationship between weather and water

Trends and determinants of diarrhea among under-five children in Gambia, evidence from 2013 – 2019/20 Gambian demographic and health survey; multilevel binary logistic regression and multivariate decomposition analysis

Impact of rotavirus vaccines in Sub-Saharan African countries

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