Impact of rotavirus vaccines in Sub-Saharan African countries

Mwenda, Jason M.; Parashar, Umesh D.; Cohen, Adam L.; Tate, Jacqueline E.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.06.026

Cited by 38 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Our finding is consistent with the results of several other previous studies [11,12,14,37,38]. A number of countries in Africa have documented a significant reduction in hospitalization associated with rotavirus and all-cause gastroenteritis following the introduction of rotavirus vaccine into their immunization program [8]. However, as children from the poorest household are at greatest risk of rotavirus infection, assuring equality in rotavirus vaccine uptake by increasing the vaccine uptake among this group of children can enhance the observed overall health gain.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Indeed, it is estimated that at global coverage of 27.8%, the rotavirus vaccine has already averted 28,800 deaths among under-5 children in 2016 and an additional 83,200 mortalities could have been prevented if the vaccine coverage was 100% [6]. It has been documented that after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine into national immunization programs, a decline in diarrhea-related hospitalizations was observed among children in Ethiopia and several other Sub-Saharan African countries [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Inequalities in Rotavirus Vaccine Uptake in Ethiopia: A Decomposition Analysis

Wondimu

Schans

Hulst

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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A previous study in Ethiopia reported significant variation in rotavirus vaccine uptake across socioeconomic strata. This study aims to quantify socioeconomic inequality of rotavirus vaccine uptake in Ethiopia and to identify the contributing factors for the inequality. The concentration curve (CC) and the Erreygers Normalized Concentration Index (ECI) were used to assess the socioeconomic related inequality in rotavirus vaccine uptake using data from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey. Decomposition analysis was conducted to identify the drivers of inequalities. The CC for rotavirus vaccine uptake lay below the line of equality and the ECI was 0.270 (p < 0.001) indicating that uptake of rotavirus vaccine in Ethiopia was significantly concentrated among children from families with better socioeconomic status. The decomposition analysis showed that underlining inequalities in maternal health care services utilization, including antenatal care use (18.4%) and institutional delivery (8.1%), exposure to media (12.8%), and maternal educational level (9.7%) were responsible for the majority of observed inequalities in the uptake of rotavirus vaccine. The findings suggested that there is significant socioeconomic inequality in rotavirus vaccine uptake in Ethiopia. Multi-sectoral actions are required to reduce the inequalities, inclusive increasing maternal health care services, and educational attainments among economically disadvantaged mothers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequalities in Rotavirus Vaccine Uptake in Ethiopia: A Decomposition Analysis

Wondimu

Schans

Hulst

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Recently, two vaccines, ROTAVAC® and ROTASIL® have been prequali ed by World Health Organization (WHO) (14). By the end of 2017, 32 (68%) of 47 countries in the WHO's African Region had introduced rotavirus vaccine into their national immunization programs (NIP) (15).…”

Section: Molecular Characteristics Of Rotavirus Genotypes Circulatingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characteristics of rotavirus genotypes circulating in the south of Benin, 2016-2018

Agbla

Esona²,

Agbankpé

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Objective: Rotavirus remains the main causative agent of gastroenteritis in young children in countries that have not yet introduced the vaccine. In Benin, rotavirus vaccine was introduced late December 2019 into the EPI. This study aims to provide pre-vaccination era rotavirus genotyping data in Benin. These data can supplement data from the surveillance system of Ministry of Health of Benin which is supported by the World Health Organization (WHO).Results: Of the 420 diarrheal stool samples, actively collected in southern Benin from July 2016 through November 2018 from children under five years old and suffering from gastroenteritis, 167 (39.8%) samples were rotavirus EIA positive. 186 (44.3%) samples contained amplifiable rotavirus RNA detected by qRT-PCR method and were genotyped using one-step RT-PCR multiplex genotyping method. G1P[8] represents the predominant genotype (32%) followed by the G2P[4] (26%), G3P[6] (16%), G12P[8] (13%) and mixed G and P types (1%). Four samples (2%) could not be assigned both G and P type speciﬁcity.

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“…Предполагается, что успешному иммунному ответу на живые вирусные вакцины у детей в странах с высокой детской смертностью препятствует совокупность различных факторов: наличие антител в материнском молоке, интерференция с живой полиомиелитной вакциной, отличия в составе микробиома кишечника, энтеропатия, недоедание. После массовой иммунизации в 40 странах южной части Африки число случаев госпитализации сократилось на 33 %, что существенно снизило смертность и расходы в госпитальном секторе [51,[64][65][66][67][68]. С 2018 г. на международном уровне доступны преквалифицированные ВОЗ вакцины Rotavac ™ (Индия) и Ro-taSiil ™ (Индия), эффективность и безопасность которых была подтверждена в Индии и странах Африки.…”

Section: схемы вакцинации и их эффективностьunclassified

Vaccine Safety and Efficacy in Preventing Rotavirus Infection

Шевцов¹,

Евреинова²,

Indikova³

et al. 2019

Biopreparaty. Profilaktika, diagnostika, lechenie

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The rotavirus infection causes acute gastroenteritis and is a major cause of lethal severe dehydrating diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age worldwide. Live attenuated rotavirus vaccines are the only means of preventing severe forms of the disease. The aim of the study was to analyse the twenty-year international experience of prophylactic immunisation against rotavirus infection. The paper summarises safety and efficacy data on the long-term use of Rotarix® (Belgium) and RotaTeq® (USA) for the prevention of rotavirus infection in the WHO European Region, the European Union and other countries. It addresses the development of correlates of immune protection for vaccines as well as evaluation of efficacy and safety of the new vaccines Rotavac® and Rotasiil® (India) in clinical trials. The authors analysed international experience of using the vaccines in countries that do not keep records of infant mortality from diarrhoea. The study summarises the results of clinical studies on the use of new vaccines prequalified by WHO in 2018 in regions with high rates of infant mortality from diarrhoea. It was demonstrated that vaccination not only reduces the rates of hospital admission of immunised children, but also contributes to the development of herd immunity. Rotarix® and RotaTeq® vaccines are authorised or included in the national immunisation schedules of many countries, but this type of vaccination is not mandatory in most of these countries. Vaccination coverage in the EU countries is about 24 %. Alternative vaccination schemes using live attenuated vaccines based on strains derived from newborn children, and parenteral rotavirus vaccines which do not replicate in the intestine may help reduce existing risks. It was concluded that the introduction of live rotavirus vaccines in immunisation schedules should be accompanied by the analysis of incidence of intussusception of the small intestine before and after the introduction of mass immunisation, and by active pharmacovigilance.

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Impact of rotavirus vaccines in Sub-Saharan African countries

Cited by 38 publications

References 40 publications

Inequalities in Rotavirus Vaccine Uptake in Ethiopia: A Decomposition Analysis

Inequalities in Rotavirus Vaccine Uptake in Ethiopia: A Decomposition Analysis

Molecular characteristics of rotavirus genotypes circulating in the south of Benin, 2016-2018

Vaccine Safety and Efficacy in Preventing Rotavirus Infection

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