Impact of oxygen and nitrogen compounds on the lubrication properties of low sulfur diesel fuels

Anastopoulos, G.; Lois, E.; Karonis, Dimitrios; Kalligeros, S.; Zannikos, F.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2004.04.026

Cited by 52 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…17 O diesel com baixo teor de enxofre apresenta perda de lubricidade devido à remoção de compostos de nitrogênio e de oxigênio durante o processo do dessulfurização. 18 O biodiesel, no entanto, possui quantidades muito baixas de enxofre e excelente lubricidade, portanto pode atuar como aditivo para correção da lubricidade do diesel mineral. A norma EN 14214 estabelece o valor máximo de enxofre no biodiesel em 10 mg kg -1 , com determinação através espectrometria de fluorescência molecular (método EN ISO 20846) ou através de fluorescência de raios-X dispersivo em comprimento de onda (método ISO 20884).…”

Section: Métodos Analíticos Para Determinação De Contaminantes Provenunclassified

Biodiesel: parâmetros de qualidade e métodos analíticos

2009

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Recebido em 19/8/08; aceito em 20/1/09; publicado na web em 14/7/09 BIODIESEL: QUALITY PARAMETERS AND ANALYTICAL METHODS. The establishment of quality standards for biodiesel was a key step to win the confidence of the market and the automotive industry, thus ensuring the success of the new fuel. In this review are presented standard methods and other analytical methods suggested for analysis of biodiesel. The methods of analysis were divided into groups according to information that may be provided on the contaminants from the raw material of the production process, the molecular structures of biodiesel and its degradation during storage.Keywords: transesterification; biofuels; quality parameters. INTRODUÇÃOSuprir a demanda energética mundial tem sido um grande desafio para nossa sociedade.1 A contínua elevação do preço do barril de petróleo e as questões ambientais associadas à queima de combustíveis fósseis também têm contribuído para colocar a humanidade frente à necessidade de novas fontes energéticas. O uso em larga escala da energia proveniente da biomassa é apontado como uma grande opção que poderia contribuir para o desenvolvimento sustentável nas áreas ambiental, social e econômica.2 Antes mesmo do diesel de petróleo, os óleos vegetais foram testados e utilizados como combustíveis nos motores do ciclo diesel. Por razões tanto econômicas quanto técnicas, estes deram lugar ao diesel de petróleo.3 O baixo preço e a oferta dos derivados de petróleo, na época, influenciaram decisivamente na escolha pelo diesel mineral.O biodiesel é um exemplo, já em aplicação, do emprego da biomassa para produção de energia. Este apresenta vantagens sobre o diesel de petróleo, 4 pois não é tóxico e é proveniente de fontes renováveis, além da melhor qualidade das emissões durante o processo de combustão.5 Embora o biodiesel forneça uma quantidade de energia cerca de 10% menor que o diesel de petróleo, seu desempenho no motor é praticamente o mesmo no que diz respeito à potência e ao torque.6 Por apresentar maior viscosidade, o biodiesel proporciona maior lubricidade que o diesel mineral, logo, tem-se observado redução no desgaste das partes móveis do motor. Por outro lado, o biodiesel possui estruturas moleculares mais simples que o seu precursor, os triglicerídeos, logo, sua viscosidade é comparativamente menor, apresentando maior eficiência de queima, reduzindo significativamente a deposição de resíduos nas partes internas do motor. 7O biodiesel é uma mistura de alquilésteres de cadeia linear, obtida da transesterificação dos triglicerídeos de óleos e gorduras com álcoois de cadeia curta (Figura 1), esta reação tem como coproduto o glicerol.Dentre os álcoois empregados na transesterificação de óleos e gorduras, os mais utilizados são metanol e etanol. O metanol é mais amplamente aplicado na produção de biodiesel em escala comercial e, por ser mais reativo, implica em menor temperatura e tempo de reação. O etanol, além de ter produção consolidada no Brasil, é consideravelmente menos tóxico, é renovável e produz biodiesel co...

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Section: Métodos Analíticos Para Determinação De Contaminantes Provenunclassified

Biodiesel: parâmetros de qualidade e métodos analíticos

2009

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“…Nevertheless, the characterization of trace polar species present in diesel is important, since these species contribute significantly to the physical properties of the fuel, including lubricity and stability [26][27][28] . This work shows how complementary information can be obtained from different analytical techniques with the objective to elucidate the composition of trace polar species in diesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Trace Polar Species Present in Diesel Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Selective Ionization Techniques

et al. 2015

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The trace polar species present in diesel were investigated by combining selective ionization with high resolution mass spectrometry. To eliminate matrix effects, the polar fraction was extracted using methanol and direct infusion with electrospray ionization and mass analysis were performed. The advantages and limitations of time-of-flight mass spectrometry and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry for diesel analysis were discussed.Complementary information was obtained by considering both positive and negative ion mass spectra in terms of compounds that form part of the inherent fuel composition and compounds that represent fuel additives. Additionally, diluted fuels were separated by gas chromatography prior to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and mass analysis. Results showed that a large portion of unsaturated polycyclic hydrocarbons were not detected during direct infusion experiments, indicating that these species were not extracted efficiently with methanol and/or ionized efficiently with electrospray.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anastopoulos et al [13] reported an improvement in the lubricity of diesel fuel when adding carboxylic acids. They found that a concentration between 500 and 750 ppm is sufficient to yield comparable lubricity to that obtained when using amides and amines at higher doses [13]. In a study on the effect of lubricity, additives on the interaction between the fuel and the metal surface, Matzke et al [10] concluded that losing nitrogen compounds such as quinoline from fuel is the main cause of poor lubricity [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the lubricity of gas-to-liquid (GTL) paraffinic kerosene: impact of the additives on the physicochemical properties

et al. 2020

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Synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) is an ultra-clean fuel with low aromatic content and negligible quantities of sulfur compounds. Although, SPK has a good potential to replace the conventional fuel Jet A-1, it also has some deficiencies. One of them is the low lubricity compared to its conventional counterpart Jet A-1. To improve the lubricity of SPK, three selected additives have been mixed with SPK at different concentrations. The lubricity of the samples was determined experimentally and the samples that meet the industry specifications have been studied further. The effect of the additives on the physicochemical properties, such as, density, flash point, freezing point, viscosity, and heat content, were investigated. Linoleic acid was found to be an excellent lubricity improver even at a very low concentration and its negative impact on the other physicochemical properties was found to be insignificant. Ethyl oleate also demonstrated significant improvement in lubricity at low concentrations but had a negative impact on the fuel's freezing point at high concentrations. Quinoline, at high concentrations, elevated the blend's freezing point above the acceptable limits. In parallel to the experimental campaign, a pre-existing mathematical modelling tool was utilized to predict the properties of interest. The lubricity model was successfully introduced into the mathematical model in order to improve the capabilities of the model. Linoleic acid sample showed the best improvement in lubricity of SPK with wear scar diameter of 417 μm; well below the ASTM D7566 maximum limit of 850 μm. The dual nature of this study facilitated the optimization of the physicochemical properties of the fuel samples.

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Impact of oxygen and nitrogen compounds on the lubrication properties of low sulfur diesel fuels

Cited by 52 publications

References 16 publications

Biodiesel: parâmetros de qualidade e métodos analíticos

Biodiesel: parâmetros de qualidade e métodos analíticos

Investigating the Trace Polar Species Present in Diesel Using High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry and Selective Ionization Techniques

Enhancing the lubricity of gas-to-liquid (GTL) paraffinic kerosene: impact of the additives on the physicochemical properties

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