“…This is in contradiction with previous research findings in which parents felt that they were able to participate in their child's care if they were given information and guidance from the staff (Chapados, Pineault, & Tourigny, 2002;Tourigny, Chapados, & Pineault, 2005). Lack of time is a barrier mentioned at all three sites, has been mentioned in previous literature (McKiel, 2002), and is a finding congruent with heavy workloads and the shortage of health professionals in both countries. Language and cultural barriers were mentioned by AngloCanadian health professionals, which could be explained by the fact that one site for data collection was an urban pediatric hospital that serves a culturally diverse population.…”