The effect of an educational pre-operative DVD on parents' and children's outcomes after a sameday surgery: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Advanced Nursing 73(3), 599-611. doi: 10.1111/jan.13161 Abstract Aims. To examine the effect of a pre-operative DVD on parents' knowledge, participation and anxiety and on children's distress, pain, analgesic requirements and length of recovery after same-day surgery. Background. Very few parents are adequately prepared to participate in their child's care during a same-day surgery. An educational DVD was developed to educate parents on how to actively support their child in the recovery room. Design. Single-blind, post-test randomized controlled trial. Study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02766452. Methods. Between September 2011-September 2012, 123 parent-child dyads where the child underwent an ENT or dental same-day surgery were recruited in a Canadian paediatric hospital. Dyads were randomly assigned to either the intervention (DVD and standard preparation) or control group (standard preparation). Parents and children were videotaped in the recovery room where parental participation and anxiety and children's distress were measured. Data on parents' knowledge, children's postoperative pain, analgesic requirements and length of recovery were measured. Independent and paired t-tests, chi square and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyse the data. Results. Parents in the intervention group gained greater knowledge of and used more positive reinforcement and distraction and relaxation methods than those in the control group. Children's postoperative pain in the day-care surgery unit was significantly lower among the intervention group compared with the control group. Conclusion. A pre-operative DVD can increase parents' participation in the recovery room and decrease children's postoperative pain.

Registered nurses (n = 72) working in 10 paediatric units in community hospitals in north-eastern Ontario, Canada, participated in a descriptive study investigating how nurses assess and manage pain in children. A four-part questionnaire was used to collect the self-reported data. Twenty-five (36%) of the respondents defined pain as an individual and personal experience and another 25 (36%) respondents defined pain as a more or less localized sensation or discomfort resulting from the stimulation of specialized nerve endings. In response to three different clinical situations, the subjects' mean pain ratings were: 5.72 for an infant; 7.34 for a 3-year-old; and 7.29 for a 12-year-old child. The criterion 'nurses' judgment' was cited as being used frequently in both the assessment and decision making process; however, there was indication that some of the current knowledge in the assessment and management of pain in children was not known or being used.

Parents can be valuable partners in ambulatory care settings. Clinicians and health care managers should aim at establishing a true partnership with parents, in order to improve the quality of care given to children and their family in hospital and at home.

In Canada, more than 100,000 children have procedures in day surgery units. In spite of certain programs designed to prepare those children and their parents for the procedures and events that take place in a hospital, the parents' role during the day stay is not openly and directly approached. Although many pediatric centers recognize the importance of the role of the family in the life of children with health problems, the perceptions of parents with children undergoing day surgery and their role in the hospital have not yet been studied. Therefore, the objective of our study was to describe parents' perceptions regarding their participation in the care of their children in a day surgery. Godin and Kok's (1996) integrated behavior prediction model related to health, which was drawn from Ajzen's theory of planned behavior (1991), was chosen for this research. An interview questionnaire was developed as the measurement instrument. Content analysis was the basis for the analysis of the data gathered through the interview questionnaire. Our article presents the results of this pilot study.

The four rigorous steps of the translation process have produced a valid Canadian French version of the PEDro scale.