Impact of high penetration of variable renewable generation on frequency dynamics in the continental Europe interconnected system

Wang, Ye; Silva, Vera; Lopez-Botet-Zulueta, Miguel

doi:10.1049/iet-rpg.2015.0141

Cited by 115 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…For a larger synchronous area Wang et al have studied the impact of high penetration of variable RES in the European Continental Synchronous Area (ECSA) [9]. The German Energy Agency (DENA) has stated that until 2030 sufficient system inertia is available in the ECSA in order to react appropriately to frequency deviations in the event of an imbalance of 3 GW [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a System Substituting Today’s Inherent Inertia in the European Continental Synchronous Area

2016

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In alternating current (AC) power systems the power generated by power plants has to match the power drawn by consumers plus the system losses at any time. In the case of an imbalance between generation and consumption the frequency in the system deviates from its rated value. In order to avoid an unsuitable frequency, control power plants have to step in to level out this imbalance. Control power plants need time to adjust their power, which is why the inertial behaviour of today's AC systems is crucial for frequency control. In this paper it is discussed that the inertia in the European Continental Synchronous Area decreases due to the transition to renewable energy sources. This will become a problem for frequency control, which is why the provision of non-inherent inertia is proposed. This system consists of fast-responding energy storage. Its dimensions in terms of power and energy are determined. Since such non-inherent inertia requires investments a cost-efficient solution has to be found. Different technologies are compared in terms of the newly-introduced levelised cost of inertia. This paper concludes with the proposal that in future inertia should be traded and with the recommendation to use flywheels for this purpose, as these are the most cost-efficient solution for this task.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a System Substituting Today’s Inherent Inertia in the European Continental Synchronous Area

2016

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“…The non-linear state-space model of the QSEM-based CCVSM from [16], is expressed on the form given by (1), with the state vector x CCVSM and the input vector u CCVSM defined by (5).…”

Section: A Current-controlled Virtual Synchronous Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Large-scale integration of new generation sources with power electronic grid interfaces and corresponding decommissioning of traditional generation plants with synchronous generators is expected to cause a reduction of the equivalent inertia in power systems [1], [2]. To compensate for reduced rotating masses connected directly to the grid by electrical machines, power electronic converters can be controlled to provide virtual inertia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Small-Signal Dynamics in Virtual Synchronous Machines and Frequency-Derivative-Based Inertia Emulation

AreSuul

D’Arco

2018

2018 IEEE 18th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (PEMC)

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 Abstract-This paper presents a comparison of small-signal dynamics for a current controlled Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM), a voltage controlled VSM and a df/dt-based control strategy for inertia emulation. The comparison is based on statespace models of the considered control schemes, which are linearized and utilized for eigenvalue-based analysis. Starting from a comparison of the three schemes with manually tuned controller parameters, it is shown that the current controlled VSM can be unstable for strong grid conditions, while the df/dtbased control becomes unstable when the grid impedance is high. Thus, an iterative tuning algorithm based on eigenvalue parametric sensitivities is applied to investigate how much the time-response and damping of the critical modes can be improved. Limitations to the dynamic performance are identified by participation factor analysis of the critical modes. The results demonstrate that all the investigated schemes can be stable for a wide range of operating conditions, but with inherent differences in the inertial response.

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“…In other words, the growing penetration of RESs along with the entry of EVs in distribution networks will increase the fluctuations in power systems. Besides, the growing use of renewables instead of conventional generators reduces system inertia due to inverter-based interfaces which in turn deteriorates the system volatility and risk for stability issues [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards Flexibility Trading at TSO-DSO-Customer Levels: A Review

et al. 2019

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The serious problem of climate change has led the energy sector to modify its generation resources from fuel-based power plants to environmentally friendly renewable resources. However, these green resources are highly intermittent due to weather dependency and they produce increased risks of stability issues in power systems. The deployment of different flexible resources can help the system to become more resilient and secure against uncertainties caused by renewables. Flexible resources can be located at different levels in power systems like, for example, at the transmission-level (TSO), distribution-level (DSO) and customer-level. Each of these levels may have different structures of flexibility trading as well. This paper conducts a comprehensive review from the recent research related to flexible resources at various system levels in smart grids and assesses the trading structures of these resources. Finally, it analyzes the application of a newly emerged ICT technology, blockchain, in the context of flexibility trading.

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Impact of high penetration of variable renewable generation on frequency dynamics in the continental Europe interconnected system

Cited by 115 publications

References 15 publications

Design of a System Substituting Today’s Inherent Inertia in the European Continental Synchronous Area

Design of a System Substituting Today’s Inherent Inertia in the European Continental Synchronous Area

Comparative Analysis of Small-Signal Dynamics in Virtual Synchronous Machines and Frequency-Derivative-Based Inertia Emulation

Towards Flexibility Trading at TSO-DSO-Customer Levels: A Review

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