Impact of Cryopreservation on Extracellular Matrix Structures of Heart Valve Leaflets

Schenke‐Layland, Katja; Madershahian, Navid; Riemann, Iris; Starcher, Barry; Kj, Halbhuber; König, Karsten; Stock, Ulrich A.

doi:10.1016/j.athoracsur.2005.09.016

Cited by 94 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…These ultrastructural patterns are also confirmed for the human cryopreserved specimens (Fig. 7), in striking contrast with previous studies for which cryopreservation has been reported to cause severe alterations, including disintegration of most collagenous structures of cryopreserved porcine pulmonary roots [33]. However, other consequences of the decellularizing treatment, i.e.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

The influence of heart valve leaflet matrix characteristics on the interaction between human mesenchymal stem cells and decellularized scaffolds

Iop¹,

Renier²,

Naso³

et al. 2009

Biomaterials

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 52%

The influence of heart valve leaflet matrix characteristics on the interaction between human mesenchymal stem cells and decellularized scaffolds

Iop¹,

Renier²,

Naso³

et al. 2009

Biomaterials

105

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…[49] Recently, Schenke-Layland et al showed that certain local ultrastructural disruption was caused by one week cryopreservation using multiphoton laser scanning microscope. [50] Note that the structural deterioration after decellularization procedures were more aggressive than what observed in Schenke-Layland's study, in which conventional histology revealed almost comparable cell and ECM formations in fresh and cryopreserved valve leaflets. [50] Apparently, structural deterioration in our observation was caused by decellularization procedures instead of temporary freeze storage.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Effects of decellularization on the mechanical and structural properties of the porcine aortic valve leaflet

2008

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The potential for decellularized aortic heart valves (AVs) as heart valve replacements is based on the assumption that the major cellular immunogenic components have been removed, and that the remaining extracellular matrix (ECM) should retain the necessary mechanical properties and functional design. However, decellularization processes likely alter the ECM mechanical and structural properties, potentially affecting long term durability. In the present study we explored the effects of an anionic detergent (SDS), enzymatic agent (Trypsin), and a non-ionic detergent (Triton X-100) on the mechanical and structural properties of AV leaflets (AVLs) to provide greater insight into the initial functional state of the decellularized AVL. The overall extensibility represented by the areal strain under 60 N/m increased from 68.85% for the native AV to 139.95%, 137.51%, and 177.69% for SDS, Trypsin, and Triton X-100, respectively, after decellularization. In flexure, decellularized AVLs demonstrated a profound loss of stiffness overall, and also produced a nonlinear moment-curvature relation compared to the linear response of the native AVL. Effective flexural moduli decreased from 156.0±24.6 kPa for the native AV to 23.5±5.8 kPa, 15.6±4.8 kPa, and 19.4 ±8.9 kPa for SDS, Trypsin, and Triton X-100 treated leaflets, respectively. While the overall leaflet fiber architecture remained relatively unchanged, decellularization resulted in substantial microscopic disruption. In conclusion, changes in mechanical and structural properties of decellularized leaflets were likely associated with disruption of the ECM, which may impact the durability of the leaflets.

show abstract

“…Indeed, the impact of cryopreservation on the scaffold texture is paramount for the long-term durability of decellularized heart valves. Schenke-Layland reported that collagen and elastin architecture was specifically disrupted in response to the cryopreservation/thaw cycling [8] and proposed a novel heart valve preservation method which ensures ECM preservation avoiding ice formation and tissue-glass cracking [35]. On the contrary, Gerson et al indicated that conventional cryopreservation of human heart valve allografts does not affect collagen and elastin structural integrity [6].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Notably, the obtained results revealed that cryopreservation does not affect the functional performance of DC allografts. Moreover, despite the possibility of cryopreservation-dependent graft alterations [7][8][9], AVCs from DC group were found to be permissive to cell repopulation, as revealed by the identification of recipient's cells colonizing (a, f); 1 μm (b, c, e, g); 0.5 μm (d) the aortic graft, as well as ECM neo-synthesis, demonstrated by the presence of (1) typical canals of collagen fibrillogenesis, (2) abundant small-diameter collagen fibrils, and (3) elaunin and immature elastic fibers, as observed for D grafts. Of note, such tissue regeneration features were accompanied by re-vascularization and re-innervation of the tunica adventitia and the outer tunica media of grafted aorta walls, key events for valve tissue renewal and functionality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clinical studies have demonstrated that allograft failure could be at least partly the result of cellular and humoral immune responses to human leukocyte antigens (HLA), which are present in implanted allografts [4]. Although good preservation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been reported for cryopreserved allografts [5,6], damage to collagen and/ or elastin was shown to occur during the cryopreservation/ thawing process [7,8] as result of crystal ice formation and/or proteinase release by non-viable cells. These injured tissue elements may exacerbate the calcification process [9], which is primed by hydroxyapatite nucleation on dying valve interstitial cells and their debris in both in vivo [10] and in vitro [11] experimental models.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Decellularized aortic conduits: could their cryopreservation affect post-implantation outcomes? A morpho-functional study on porcine homografts

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Explanted D grafts exhibited near-normal features, whereas the presence of calcification, inflammatory infiltrates, and disarray of elastic lamellae occurred in some DC grafts. In the unaltered regions of AVCs from both groups, almost complete re-endothelialization was observed for both valve cusps and aorta walls. In addition, side-by-side repopulation by recipient's fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and smooth muscle cells was paralleled by ongoing tissue remodeling, as revealed by the ultrastructural identification of typical canals of collagen fibrillogenesis and elastogenesis-related features. Incipient neo-vascularization and re-innervation of medial and adventitial tunicae of grafted aortic walls were also detected for both D and DC groups. Cryopreservation did not affect post-implantation AVC hemodynamic behavior and was topically propensive to cell repopulation and tissue renewal, although graft deterioration including calcification was present in several areas. Thus, these preliminary data provide essential information on feasibility of decellularization and cryopreservation coupling in the perspective of treatment optimization and subsequent clinical Abstract Decellularized porcine aortic valve conduits (AVCs) implanted in a Vietnamese Pig (VP) experimental animal model were matched against decellularized and then cryopreserved AVCs to assess the effect of cryopreservation on graft hemodynamic performance and propensity to in vivo repopulation by host's cells. VPs (n = 12) underwent right ventricular outflow tract substitution using AVC allografts and were studied for 15-month follow-up. VPs were randomized into two groups, receiving AVCs treated with decellularization alone (D; n = 6) or decellularization/ cryopreservation (DC; n = 6), respectively. Serial echocardiography was carried out to follow up hemodynamic function. All explanted AVCs were processed for light and electron microscopy. No signs of dilatation, progressive stenosis, regurgitation, and macroscopic calcification were echocardiographically observed in both D and DC groups. Heart Vessels 1 3 trials using similarly treated human allografts as innovative heart valve substitutes.

show abstract

Impact of Cryopreservation on Extracellular Matrix Structures of Heart Valve Leaflets

Cited by 94 publications

References 30 publications

The influence of heart valve leaflet matrix characteristics on the interaction between human mesenchymal stem cells and decellularized scaffolds

The influence of heart valve leaflet matrix characteristics on the interaction between human mesenchymal stem cells and decellularized scaffolds

Effects of decellularization on the mechanical and structural properties of the porcine aortic valve leaflet

Decellularized aortic conduits: could their cryopreservation affect post-implantation outcomes? A morpho-functional study on porcine homografts

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About