Impact of clean air action on PM2.5 pollution in China

Zhang, Qiang; Geng, Guannan

doi:10.1007/s11430-019-9531-4

Cited by 66 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…To improve air quality, the Chinese government has implemented numerous harsh clean air measures, such as shutting down some high polluted factories and eliminating outdated industrial capacities, since 2013 [ 8 , 9 ]. Several research studies found decreasing trends of the annual average PM 2.5 and PM 10 concentrations in recent years, especially in some key urban agglomerations, such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH), the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), and the Pearl River Delta (PRD) [ 10 , 11 ]. Scholars also identified the reduction of industrial emission and the promotion of clean fuels in traffic and residential sectors to be the two dominant factors for the PM pollution reduction in China [ 12 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, despite the declining tendencies in some parts of China, the PM pollution is still serious in China given its large concentrations. Specifically, the average concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 over China were 89 μg/m 3 and 43 μg/m 3 in 2017 [ 11 ], which were 4.5 times and 4 times more than the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines, respectively. [ 13 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

How Did Distribution Patterns of Particulate Matter Air Pollution (PM2.5 and PM10) Change in China during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Spatiotemporal Investigation at Chinese City-Level

Fan

Zhan

Yang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Due to the suspension of traffic mobility and industrial activities during the COVID-19, particulate matter (PM) pollution has decreased in China. However, rarely have research studies discussed the spatiotemporal pattern of this change and related influencing factors at city-scale across the nation. In this research, the clustering patterns of the decline rates of PM2.5 and PM10 during the period from 20 January to 8 April in 2020, compared with the same period of 2019, were investigated using spatial autocorrelation analysis. Four meteorological factors and two socioeconomic factors, i.e., the decline of intra-city mobility intensity (dIMI) representing the effect of traffic mobility and the decline rates of the secondary industrial output values (drSIOV), were adopted in the regression analysis. Then, multi-scale geographically weighted regression (MGWR), a model allowing the particular processing scale for each independent variable, was applied for investigating the relationship between PM pollution reductions and influencing factors. For comparison, ordinary least square (OLS) regression and the classic geographically weighted regression (GWR) were also performed. The research found that there were 16% and 20% reduction of PM2.5 and PM10 concentration across China and significant PM pollution mitigation in central, east, and south regions of China. As for the regression analysis results, MGWR outperformed the other two models, with R2 of 0.711 and 0.732 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The results of MGWR revealed that the two socioeconomic factors had more significant impacts than meteorological factors. It showed that the reduction of traffic mobility caused more relative declines of PM2.5 in east China (e.g., cities in Jiangsu), while it caused more relative declines of PM10 in central China (e.g., cities in Henan). The reduction of industrial operation had a strong relationship with the PM10 drop in northeast China. The results are crucial for understanding how the decline pattern of PM pollution varied spatially during the COVID-19 outbreak, and it also provides a good reference for air pollution control in the future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Did Distribution Patterns of Particulate Matter Air Pollution (PM2.5 and PM10) Change in China during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Spatiotemporal Investigation at Chinese City-Level

Fan

Zhan

Yang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Previous studies have confirmed that these solid spherical and irregular particles are POA particles emitted from coal and biomass burning (L. Zhang et al, 2018); in particular the spherical POA particles as shown in Fig. 3a-1 are defined as tarballs containing light-absorbing BrC (Adachi et al, 2019;Pósfai et al, 2003;Zhang et al, 2018). Both tarballs ( Fig.…”

Section: Classification Of Individual Particle Typesmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Many studies have demonstrated that primary OAs (POAs) emitted from residential coal and biomass burning are the major source of BrC, and the chemical composition and optical properties of BrC in freshly emitted POAs as well as the BrC in the ambient atmosphere have been analyzed in detail using bulk techniques such as mass spectrometry and UV-visible spectrophotometry (M. Song et al, 2018;Yan et al, 2017). However, only a few studies have characterized microscopic properties such as the morphology and mixing state of fresh burning-related POA particles by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (L. Zhang et al, 2018). The abundance and aging process of burning-related POA particles in the atmosphere and the resulting influences on their optical properties remain unknown in the NCP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent residential burning-related primary organic particles during wintertime hazes in North China: insights into their aging and optical changes

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2021

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Primary organic aerosols (POAs) are a major component of PM2.5 in winter polluted air in the North China Plain (NCP), but our understanding of the atmospheric aging processes of POA particles and the resulting influences on their optical properties is limited. As part of the Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH-Beijing) program, we collected airborne particles at an urban site (Beijing) and an upwind rural site (Gucheng, Hebei province) in the NCP during 13–27 November 2016 for microscopic analyses. We confirmed that large numbers of light-absorbing spherical POA (i.e., tarball) and irregular POA particles with high viscosity were emitted from domestic coal and biomass burning at the rural site and were further transported to the urban site during regional wintertime hazes. During the heavily polluted period (PM2.5 > 200 µg m−3), more than 60 % of these burning-related POA particles were thickly coated with secondary inorganic aerosols (named as core–shell POA–SIA particles) through the aging process, suggesting that POA particles can provide surfaces for the heterogeneous reactions of SO2 and NOx. As a result, during the heavily polluted period, their average particle-to-core diameter ratios at the rural and urban sites increased to 1.60 and 1.67, respectively. Interestingly, we found that the aging process did not change the morphology and sizes of POA cores, indicating that the burning-related POA particles are quite inert in the atmosphere and can be transported over long distances. Using Mie theory we estimated that the absorption capacity of these POA particles was enhanced by ∼ 1.39 times in the heavily polluted period at the rural and urban sites due to the “lensing effect” of secondary inorganic coatings. We highlight that the lensing effect on burning-related POA particles should be considered in radiative forcing models and authorities should continue to promote clean energy in rural areas to effectively reduce primary emissions.

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“…Considering the adverse effects of residential coal and biomass burning on the haze formation, human health, and climate change, we suggest that the governments should continue to implement the "Clean Air Actions" (Zhang and Geng, 2019), especially encourage the use of clean energy such as electricity and natural gas for heating and cooking in rural areas of North China in winter.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistent primary organic tar particles during the regional wintertime hazes in North China: insights into their aging and optical changes

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Abstract. Primary organic aerosol (POA) is a major component of PM2.5 in the winter polluted air in the North China Plain (NCP), but our understanding on the atmospheric aging process of POA particles and the resulting influences on their optical properties is limited. As part of the Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity (APHH-Beijing) programme, we collected airborne particles at an urban site (Beijing) and an upwind rural site (Gucheng, Hebei province) in the NCP during 13–27 November 2016 for microscopic analyses. We confirmed that a distinct group of spherical or irregular POA particles with high viscosity, defined as primary organic tar (POT) particles, was emitted from the domestic coal and biomass burning at the rural site and was further transported to the urban site during the regional wintertime hazes. During the heavily polluted period (PM2.5 > 200 μg m−3), more than 60 % of the POT particles were thickly coated with secondary inorganic aerosols (named as core–shell POT-SIA particle) through the aging process, suggesting that POT particles can provide surfaces for the heterogeneous reactions of SO2 and NOx. As a result, their average particle-to-core ratios at the rural and urban sites in the heavily polluted period increased to 1.60 and 1.67, respectively. Interestingly, we found that the aging process did not change the morphology and sizes of the POT cores, indicating that POT particles are quite inert in the atmosphere and can be transported long distances. We using the Mie theory estimated that the light absorption of individual POT particles was enhanced by ~ 1.39 times in the heavily polluted period at the rural and urban sites due to the lensing effect of secondary inorganic coatings. We highlight that the lensing effect on POT particles should be considered in radiative forcing models and the governments should continue to promote clean energy in rural areas to effectively reduce primary emissions.

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Impact of clean air action on PM2.5 pollution in China

Cited by 66 publications

References 9 publications

How Did Distribution Patterns of Particulate Matter Air Pollution (PM2.5 and PM10) Change in China during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Spatiotemporal Investigation at Chinese City-Level

How Did Distribution Patterns of Particulate Matter Air Pollution (PM2.5 and PM10) Change in China during the COVID-19 Outbreak: A Spatiotemporal Investigation at Chinese City-Level

Persistent residential burning-related primary organic particles during wintertime hazes in North China: insights into their aging and optical changes

Persistent primary organic tar particles during the regional wintertime hazes in North China: insights into their aging and optical changes

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