Impact of carbon nanomaterials on the formation of multicellular spheroids by tumor cells

Abstract

This paper investigates the effect of different concentrations of nanostructured materials: fullerene‐like (C60), onion‐like carbon (OLC) and ultradispersed diamonds (UDD) on the formation of multicellular spheroids. The chemical composition and purity of nanomaterials are controlled by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The strength and direction of the impact of nanomaterials on the cell population was assessed using microphotography of tumor multicellular spheroids of breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF‐7 in vitro and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results demonstrated that UDD and OLC reduced adhesion and cohesive ability of cells and stimulated generation of cell spheroids of ∼3 × 10−3 mm3 in significant amount. The fullerenes reduced in the main cell adhesion to substrate that led to formation of cell aggregates of ∼5 × 10−3 mm3. The results could be useful for achievement of the directed cell growth in three‐dimensional culture.

Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterial Surface by Doxorubicin and Antibodies to Tumor Markers

“…Toxicity and carcinogenicity has been one of the major concerns for OLCs and UDDs use in biomedical application [46, 47]. Our previous studies showed low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility of UDDs and OLCs [26]. At the same time, we have found that the UDDs and OLCs can act as centers for cell cohesion and migrating in suspension.…”

“…An air flow quartz tubular reactor was used for this procedure for 130–150 min. We analyzed and described physical and chemical characteristics of obtained UDD and OLC in previous work [26]. …”

Effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes on tumor cells viability and formation of multicellular tumor spheroids

“…The effect of nanotubes on the development of tumor process can occur at the level of cell-to-cell interaction, with extracellular matrix and stoma structures. On the other hand, according to our research and literature data, chemical and physical properties of SWCNTs demonstrated low cytotoxic effect on the intracellular structures [ 11 , 29 , 30 ]. Therefore, the usage of SWCNTs as basis for intensive growth of cells in suspension, three-dimensional culture, and tissue-like structures seems very promising.…”

“…Ultra dispersed diamonds were produced by detonation of carbon-containing explosive by the commercial enterprise ‘Sinta’, Kharkiv reg., Ukraine. Individual ultra dispersed diamond (UDD) particles have sizes of 4 to 6 nm; the sizes of primary aggregates are approximately 20 to 30 nm with the specific surface area of approximately 550 m 2 /g [ 11 ].…”

Effect of single-walled carbon nanotubes on tumor cells viability and formation of multicellular tumor spheroids

“…The number of dead cells increased to a lesser extent. As a result, the percentage of alive cells along with Table 1 Compliance of FTIR analysis-based absorption peaks to types of chemical bonds in carbon nanomaterials [11] Functional group Type of vibration Characteristic absorptions (cm −1 ) Intensity increasing concentrations of SWCNTs in the adhesion fraction increased and reached a control level at 100 μg/ml with a further increase. On the other hand, the population of tumor cells in suspension at concentrations 50-100-200 μg/ml undergoes minimal cytotoxic effect.…”