Impact of Aortic Cross-Clamping Time on Peripheral Nerves: Experimental Model

Abstract

Purpose: The present study investigated the correlation between extend aortic cross-clamping time and peripheral nerve injury on rats. Methods: 24 male, Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups; (a) control group: abdomen was directly closed after reached aorta, and followed by 72 hours, (b) shortterm ischaemia-reperfusion group: peripheral nerve ischemia was induced in rats by supraceliac aortic occlusion for 20 min followed by 72 h of reperfusion, (c) long-term ischaemia-reperfusion group: peripheral nerve ischemia was induced for 30 min followed by 72 h of reperfusion. Preoperative and postoperative, electromyography (EMG) recordings were done. End of 72 h, the sciatic nerves were harvested from each animal for histopathological and biochemical analysis. Results: The mean compound muscle action potential (CMAP) amplitude of long-term ischaemia-reperfusion group was statically significant reduced when compared to the control group (p <0.01). However, the mean distal latency value of long-term ischaemia-reperfusion group was statically significant increased (p <0.01). On the other hand, there were statically significant differences between the results of malondialdehyde, edema and ischemia fiber degeneration grades on control and long-term ischaemia-reperfusion group (p <0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the extending cross clamping time directly harms the peripheral nerve of rats.

The axon protective effects of syringic acid on ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat sciatic nerve model

“…In addition to these histopathological finding, syringic acid decreased the MDA levels and increased the SOD and NRF-1 activities in biochemical analysis reducing oxidative stress after ischemia. Akdemir et al reported that aortic clamping resulted in increase in MDA levels in peripheral nerves and edema that leads to axonal injury and myelin damage (2). The occurrence of IFD and edema indicates that long-term ischemia/reperfusion has a devastating impact on the peripheral neurons and that there is a direct link between paraplegia, one of the most common postoperative complications of aorta surgery, and the cross-clamping.…”

“…Eventually, this fatal cascade leads to formation of MDA as the end product of lipid peroxidation and at the same time is considered as one of the most sensitive markers of lipid peroxidation. Akdemir et al (2) reported that aortic clamping resulted in increase in MDA levels in peripheral nerves and edema that leads to axonal injury and myelin damage. Syringic acid may enable neural tissues to become more resistant to lipid peroxidation, thereby activating antioxidant enzymes.…”