Impact of <i>Moringa oleifera</i> Cake Residue Application on Waste Water Treatment: A Case Study

Abstract

Most of water treatments require higher expenditure. Chemical coagulant requires higher cost and has some drawback after treatment such as pH changes. Moringa oleifera cake residue (MOCR) is one of the alternatives to replace chemical coagulant. A jar test apparatus was used to monitor water treatment. Water quality of Gebeng River (GR) and waste water (WW) was examined before and after treatment. Different parameters using (MOCR) was investigated. Preliminary laboratory results showed the great potential of the (MOCR) to be used in water treatment. MOCR shows an excellent reduction in turbidity (97 % was removed). The bacteria were reduced from 1.7 × 10 5 to 8 × 10 3 CFU/ml. Dissolved oxygen (DO) was improved that elevated from 1.06 ± 0.04 to 5.09 ± 0.03 mg/L. However, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD) were increased from 520.5 ± 0.71 to 865.0 ± 2.12 mg/L and from 120.5 ± 2.12 to 270.5 ± 2.12 mg/L respectively. Nevertheless, there is no significant alteration of pH, conductivity, salinity and total dissolved solid (TDS) after treatment. The iron (Fe) was fully removed while copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) were successfully removed up to 98%. The reduction of lead (Pb) also achieved 82.17%. Also, (MOCR) can be stored for long time up to 6 months without affecting the biological properties of MO.

The use of Moringa oleifera seed as a natural coagulant for wastewater treatment and heavy metals removal

“…MO seed cake residue can be used directly in wastewater treatment without further preparation (Arnoldsson et al 2008). The extracted part of MO seed prevents the growth of coliforms and pathogens (Arnoldsson et al 2008;Bina et al 2010;Eman et al 2014). This implies the reduction of the disinfection requirements (Srivastava 2014;Jabeen et al 2008).…”

“…This implies the reduction of the disinfection requirements (Srivastava 2014;Jabeen et al 2008). These seed cakes also help to remove dirt, solid particles and even some bacteria and fungi (Bina et al 2010;Eman et al 2014). However, the water was almost never completely free of germs by using this method (Amagloh and Benang 2009).…”

“…Plants including rice, peanut, bean and M. oleifera (MO) are considered as the most common natural source used for treating wastewater (Ghebremichael 2004;Subramanium et al 2011). M. oleifera (MO) seed, which is not harmful to human and does not have significant drawbacks, has been applied for wastewater treatment (Bina et al 2010;Alo et al 2012;Eman et al 2014). In this way, MO seeds were used as alternative natural materials for drinking water treatment.…”

“…Many studies have concluded that seeds of MO do not yield any toxic effect when they were used for wastewater treatment (Bina et al 2010;Vikashni et al 2012;Mangale et al 2012a). The natural coagulant derived from MO seed is the by-product that is produced from oil extraction process (Eman et al 2014). MO seed cake residue can be used directly in wastewater treatment without further preparation (Arnoldsson et al 2008).…”

Effectiveness of Moringa Oleifera Seed as Phytocoagulant in Wastewater Treatment of Batik Industry

“…The stock solution was created by adding Moringa oleifera seed cake with several concentrations to create coagulant paste. Concentration of Moringa oleifera seed cake varied from 50, 100, and 150 mg was dissolved on distilled water to get 10,000; 20,000; and 30,000 mg/L [3] [17]. 500 mL of batik wastewater was added into a beaker to determine the initial turbidity.…”