Impact of alternative fuels on the operational and environmental performance of a small turbofan engine

Gaspar, Raquel M.; Sousa, J. M. M.

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2016.10.042

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…To describe various fuels and blends, it is necessary to define their thermophysical parameters. In zero-dimensional models of engines, which are developed in GSP [15] or GasTurb [16,17], a simplified analytical description of combustion and tabulated values of temperature for fuel blends are often used. In the modelling of combustors, thermodynamic equations are used to describe combustion and heat transport [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Emissions of a Microturbine and Turbofan Powered by Alternative Fuels

et al. 2021

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Alternative fuels containing biocomponents produced in various technologies are introduced in aviation to reduce its carbon footprint but there is little data describing their impact on the performance and emissions of engines. The purpose of the work is to compare the performance and gas emissions produced from two different jet engines—the GTM-140 microturbine and the full-size DGEN380 turbofan, powered by blends of Jet A-1 and one of two biocomponents: (1) Alcohol-to-Jet (ATJ) and (2) Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) produced from used cooking oil (UCO) in various concentrations. The acquired data will be used to develop an engine emissivity model to predict gas emissions. Blends of the mineral fuel with synthetic components were prepared in various concentrations, and their physicochemical parameters were examined in the laboratory. Measurements of emissions from both engines were carried out in selected operating points using the Semtech DS gaseous analyzer and the EEPS spectrometer. The impact of tested blends on engine operating parameters is limited, and their use does not carry the risk of a significant decrease in aircraft performance or increase in fuel consumption. Increasing the content of biocomponents causes a noticeable rise in the emission of CO and slight increase for some other gasses (HC and NOx), which should not, however, worsen the working conditions of the ground personnel. This implies that there are no contraindications against using tested blends for fuelling gas-turbine engines.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance and Emissions of a Microturbine and Turbofan Powered by Alternative Fuels

et al. 2021

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“…However, Gaspar et al, [18] confirmed that specific fuel consumption was saved by 4% when alternative fuels were used to improve engine performance compared to conventional jet fuel. Besides, Tobib et al, [17] mentioned that palm oil blends led to increasing BSFC (Break Specific Fuel Consumption) on the HCCI-DI engine compared to diesel fuel within the experimental data.…”

Section: Fuel Properties Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On-Design Operation and Performance Characteristic of Custom Engine

Altarazi¹,

Talib²,

Saadon³

et al. 2020

ARFMTS

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the design point performance of a custom engine via GasTurb software. In this study, a turbojet engine model is simulated without afterburners and limited to design point (DP) simulation at a speed of 15,000 rpm. The input parameters such as pressure ratio (PR) for the main components, the mechanical and burner efficiency, and isotropic PR for compressor and turbine have been identified for a custom engine as a design point. The results compared at different levels of the condition using GasTurb-13 and GSP-11 software. It was found that each software was able to provide similar results at various conditions tested. There are small differences in the values for the fuel flow and specific fuel consumption. Also, the same results were obtained at the baseline point. Furthermore, the heating value has a primary effect on specific fuel consumption. It was also found that the optimal thrust value was at 34.2 kN, and the best value for optimal specific fuel consumption was 20.9 g/kN.s. The main factors affecting biofuel properties are calorific value and viscosity. When the calorific value of the fuel is reduced, the thrust FN and specific fuel consumption increase. For example, Methanol and Ethanol recorded the highest amount of fuel consumption, which is 54.72 g/KN.s and 47.56 g/(KN.s), respectively. This is because they have the highest mass fuel flow ( 1.79 kg/s for Methanol, and 1.54 kg/s for Ethanol) than other types of fuel, while the mass fuel flow for green diesel (0.78 kg/s) was lower than other fuels, so its specific fuel consumption (22.11 g/(KN.s) was lesser than other fuels.

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“…1, a typical system architecture of the turbofan engine for MECA is presented (here to note Fig. 1 only gives half of demonstration of the cross section for a turbofan engine which is actually symmetrical along the direction of free stream) [10], [21]. The system architecture of this ''nobleed'' turbofan engine can be divided as two modules: 1) the first module is the thermodynamic assemblies which in basic provide all of energy from fuel sources, while eliminating the conventional hydraulic and pneumatic systems.…”

Section: The Numerical Modeling Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Optimization Analysis of Turbofan Engine for More-Electric Civil Aircraft

Yang

Li²,

Chen³

2020

IEEE Access

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The civil aviation industry is moving into the more-electric environment where the civil aircraft uses electricity to meet the multiple energy demands of the associated aircraft subsystems. The civil aircraft's turbofan engine, which is the largest energy supply system of civil aircraft, will thus utilize more fuel resource to provide increased electric energy besides of its conventional responsibility of maintaining the fundamental thrust requirements by aircraft. This will introduce new challenge for the energy optimization analysis of aircraft turbofan engine: it was nearly a simple optimal setting of engine's component parameters for keeping required thrust, but under the more-electric environment it will become an optimization problem in order to minimize the fuel consumption while obeying the multiple constraints by thermodynamic limits of turbofan engine and by varying electric power demands associated with the flight profile of aircraft. We present a complete modeling in this paper for the energy optimization analysis of turbofan engine for more-electric civil aircraft and formulate it as a nonlinear programming form. We propose an algorithm based on Benders decomposition method to solve this problem; the numerical results demonstrate the economic effectiveness of the proposed modeling and algorithm. INDEX TERMS More-electric civil aircraft, turbofan engine, energy optimization analysis, decomposition method, nonlinear optimization.

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Impact of alternative fuels on the operational and environmental performance of a small turbofan engine

Cited by 38 publications

References 21 publications

Performance and Emissions of a Microturbine and Turbofan Powered by Alternative Fuels

Performance and Emissions of a Microturbine and Turbofan Powered by Alternative Fuels

On-Design Operation and Performance Characteristic of Custom Engine

Energy Optimization Analysis of Turbofan Engine for More-Electric Civil Aircraft

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