As the global search for new methods to combat global warming and climate change continues, renewable fuels and hydrogen have emerged as saviours for environmentally polluting industries such as aviation. Sustainable aviation is the goal of the aviation industry today. There is increasing interest in achieving carbon-neutral flight to combat global warming. Hydrogen has proven to be a suitable alternative fuel. It is abundant, clean, and produces no carbon emissions, but only water after use, which has the potential to cool the environment. This paper traces the historical growth and future of the aviation and aerospace industry. It examines how hydrogen can be used in the air and on the ground to lower the aviation industry’s impact on the environment. In addition, while aircraft are an essential part of the aviation industry, other support services add to the overall impact on the environment. Hydrogen can be used to fuel the energy needs of these services. However, for hydrogen technology to be accepted and implemented, other issues such as government policy, education, and employability must be addressed. Improvement in the performance and emissions of hydrogen as an alternative energy and fuel has grown in the last decade. However, other issues such as the storage and cost and the entire value chain require significant work for hydrogen to be implemented. The international community’s alternative renewable energy and hydrogen roadmaps can provide a long-term blueprint for developing the alternative energy industry. This will inform the private and public sectors so that the industry can adjust its plan accordingly.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the design point performance of a custom engine via GasTurb software. In this study, a turbojet engine model is simulated without afterburners and limited to design point (DP) simulation at a speed of 15,000 rpm. The input parameters such as pressure ratio (PR) for the main components, the mechanical and burner efficiency, and isotropic PR for compressor and turbine have been identified for a custom engine as a design point. The results compared at different levels of the condition using GasTurb-13 and GSP-11 software. It was found that each software was able to provide similar results at various conditions tested. There are small differences in the values for the fuel flow and specific fuel consumption. Also, the same results were obtained at the baseline point. Furthermore, the heating value has a primary effect on specific fuel consumption. It was also found that the optimal thrust value was at 34.2 kN, and the best value for optimal specific fuel consumption was 20.9 g/kN.s. The main factors affecting biofuel properties are calorific value and viscosity. When the calorific value of the fuel is reduced, the thrust FN and specific fuel consumption increase. For example, Methanol and Ethanol recorded the highest amount of fuel consumption, which is 54.72 g/KN.s and 47.56 g/(KN.s), respectively. This is because they have the highest mass fuel flow ( 1.79 kg/s for Methanol, and 1.54 kg/s for Ethanol) than other types of fuel, while the mass fuel flow for green diesel (0.78 kg/s) was lower than other fuels, so its specific fuel consumption (22.11 g/(KN.s) was lesser than other fuels.

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Due to the importance of promoting the thermal performance of heat exchangers, innovating a new technique is the main goal of many researchers. In swirl flow techniques, keeping the pressure drop at the practical level still requires more and more attention. In the current paper, a numerical study is conducted to explore the impact of a novel lobe swirl generator and its transition parts on forced convective heat transfer and friction factor in a circular pipe subjected to constant heat flux.The swirl mechanism is investigated at the pitch to a diameter of P/D = 8 as the optimum design. The transition part under several parameters of variable beta (β), transition multiplier (n= 0.5) and variable helix (t = 1) have been adopted. The effect of SiO2, Al2O3, and CuO volume concentrations (1 to 5%) in water under various Reynolds numbers (Re) from 15,000 to 35,000 have been carried out. The turbulent swirling flow was modelled using the applicable shear-stress transport (SST) k-ω. The outcome demonstrated an enhancement in heat transfer value ranging from 1.35 to 1.87 with an increased pressure drop value from 1.23 to 1.67. It was also found that using SiO2/water at 5% volume concentration and Re 15000 created the highest thermal performance, with a significant factor of 1.67.

Excellent indoor air quality in an enclosed area has always become a major safety aspect in designing a building. Issues with regards to circulation of air and exhaust system must be first resolved before the said building can be used for any purposes. The goal of this study is to identify ways to improve air quality in the aviation fire test room at the Propulsion Laboratory that is located in Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Selangor, Malaysia. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method was employed to predict the air contaminant inside the lab. When performing the activities, the indoor air quality have to be ensure circulated and ventilated in the lab. Using a mechanical fans and natural ventilation are a traditional method to provide indoor air quality into the propulsion. Whereby, this method may not be enough to provide the required indoor air quality for specific aviation fire-test setup. Such labs may suffer from increasing air contaminant based on the improper and irregular air distribution. A grid independent test (GIT) was done to reduce the effects of meshing on the results was carried out to estimate the discretization error. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) method was carried out to identify a suitable ventilation system that would result in the greatest improvement in the indoor air quality (IAQ) inside the lab. The results of using the CFD simulation show that installing Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) at the lab could significantly improve the IAQ inside the lab. The airflow increase by 84% and the CO, CO2 and NO reduce by 84%, 89 and 81%, respectively. Improvement of the IAQ by increasing the airflow and reducing in the air CO, CO2, and NO, which can be considered as very significant achievement.