Impact of abscisic acid in overcoming the problem of albinism in horse chestnut androgenic embryos

Abstract

Horse chestnut (Aesculus hyppocastanum L., Hyppocastanacea) is a relict species with a slow and complex reproductive cycle considered to have horticultural and medical importance. The cycle maybe circumvented via in vitro androgenesis. Androgenesis of horse chestnut was induced in microspores and anther culture on MS media. Some of the horse chestnut androgenic embryos were albinos. Addition of abscisic acid in media (in concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 mg l -1 ) with horse chestnut androgenic embryos has circumvented the reproduction cycle barriers. The best results were achieved on medium with the lowest abscisic acid concentration (0.01 mg l -1 ) in microspore culture. The microspore culture proved to be a better model system for embryo production and albino embryo reduction than anther culture. Flow cytometry analysis after maturation treatments induced by ABA showed that 88 % of green embryos originating from microspore culture were haploid. However, 50 % of green embryos from anther culture were haploid. The remaining analyzed androgenic embryos, from both types of cultures were diploid.

Identification of QTLs associated with albino plant formation and some new facts concerning green versus albino ratio determinants in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) anther culture

“…It has been revealed that the number of obtained albino plants depends on the pre-treatment used for androgenesis initiation, the composition of induction medium and in vitro culture conditions (Ć alić et al 2013;Immonen and Robinson 2000;Jacquard et al 2009;Lantos et al 2013;Ś lusarkiewicz-Jarzina and Ponitka 1997;Wojnarowiez et al 2002). Some researches claim that origin of albinism in some cultivars is determined at the earliest phases of ME and obtaining green regenerants depends on the state of microspore plastids at the moment of sampling (Caredda et al 2004(Caredda et al , 2000Muñoz-Amatriaín et al 2009).…”

Tissue Culture Response of Ornamental and Medicinal Aesculus Species—A Review

“…Ploidy level of anther culture-and microspore suspension-derived embryos was determined under cytological examination [23,97,98,100,101] or by flow cytometry [99,105]. In A. carnea anther culture, 43% of tested plantlets were haploids, while the rest were diploids or in rare cases aneuploids [101].…”

“…A rather high level of albinism (Figure 2f), ranging from 11-14% [105] to even 21% [100], is associated with embryo regeneration from anther and microspore suspension culture in Aesculus sp. [100].…”

Biological Flora of the British Isles: Aesculus hippocastanum

“…Anther and microspore cultures have been used to produce haploid plants in horse‐chestnut (Ćalić‐Dragosavac, Stevović, & Zdravković‐Korać, ). Up to 10%–12% of the embryos produced by these methods were found to be albino, particularly when grown under short days of 8 hr light, but the proportion could be reduced by the addition of abscisic acid to the cultures (Ćalić et al., ). Procedures for genetically modifying A. hippocastanum embryos using the bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogenes have been devised by Zdravković‐Korać, Muhovski, Druart, Ćalić, and Radojević ().…”

“…The yellow border helps distinguish this from the leaf miner Cameraria ohridella (Section 9.1.1). Horse‐chestnut is moderately susceptible to Guignardia (Ćalić et al., ) but it seems to cause little significant damage.…”