Identification of QTLs associated with albino plant formation and some new facts concerning green versus albino ratio determinants in triticale (×Triticosecale Wittm.) anther culture

Abstract

High frequency of albino haploids/doubled haploids (DHs), regenerated in androgenic cultures is one of the major obstacles that limit incorporation of DHs technology into cereal breeding programs. Therefore, quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with albino plant production in triticale anther cultures were analyzed using the population of 90 DH lines derived from F1 cross 'Saka 3006' 9 'Modus'. Composite interval mapping (CIM) and single marker analysis (SMA) in Windows QTL Cartographer ver 2.5 were used to localize the major QTLs. CIM method revealed seven QTLs with LOD scores between 2.9 and 5.6 on five chromosomes from B to R subgenomes (3B, 4B, 4R, 5R and 7R). Effects of all QTLs explained 8.3-17.6 % of the phenotypic variation and were confirmed by SMA analysis. Additionally SMA revealed another seven markers on chromosomes: 2AL.2BL, 3B, 2BS.6AL, 2RS.3R and 4R associated with QTL for albino plant regeneration (p \ 0.01). The additional experiment with ten DH lines varied significantly in their androgenic responsiveness was conducted to analyze the changes in the level of oxidative stress, antioxidative system activity and endogenous hormonal balance associated with androgenesis-inducing low temperature stress treatment (3 weeks at 4°C). The correlation analysis between albino/green plant regeneration ability and analyzed traits were performed by using Spearman Rank test (p B 0.05). Revealed associations may suggest that some level of oxidative stress is necessary for transition from a non-photosynthetic proplastids to the functional chloroplasts. On the other hand, the efficient antioxidative enzyme system and endogenous hormonal balance are also very important. Key message Fourteen chromosome regions were indicated to control albino plant formation during triticale anther culture. Additionally, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, antioxidative system activity and hormonal balance were discussed as determinants in androgenesis.

Inheritance patterns of the response to in vitro doubled haploid induction in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

“…Similar to reports in triticale, a low or insignificant correlation was found between green and albino plant production as well as regeneration (González et al 2005;Krzewska et al 2015). Opsahl-Ferstad et al (1994b) found an insignificant correlation of r = 0.29, similar to the ρ = 0.20 (P ≤ 0.05) found here, and hypothesized that different genes must be responsible for green and albino plant production.…”

“…Also in accordance with their results, a highly negative correlation (ρ = −0.83; P ≤ 0.001) between the number of green plants produced and the percentage of albinos was found, which is expected in the presence of both green and albino plant production promoting alleles in a population (Opsahl-Ferstad et al 1994b). Additionally, the low negative correlation (ρ = −0.29; P ≤ 0.01) between the number of albino plants produced and green plant percentage, suggests that the environment is of greater influence on albino production than genetics (Kumari et al 2009;Makowska and Oleszczuk 2014), even though QTL for albinism have been reported in several cereal species (He et al 1998;Chen et al 2007;Krzewska et al 2015). The presence of alleles required for green plant production can thus be 'phenotypically invisible', if potential green regenerants suffer from environmentally induced albinism.…”

High Frequency of Doubled Haploid Plant Production in Spelt Wheat

“…According to some relevant reviews and publications, albinism was mentioned as a bottleneck of AC in monocots (Jauhar et al, 2009;Kumari et al, 2009;Dunwell, 2010;Broughton, 2011;Makowska and Oleszczuk, 2014;Niu et al, 2014;Krzewska et al, 2015). In our experiment, albinism was mitigated in AC of winter wheat breeding material (Lantos et al, 2013).…”

Glutathione provides antioxidative defence and promotes microspore-derived embryo development in isolated microspore cultures of triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.)

“…The ‘Saka3006’ × ‘Modus’ mapping population composed of 90 DH lines was produced at Hohenheim University (Stuttgart, Germany) and kindly provided by Dr Eva Bauer. Seven DH lines studied in the first experiment were recognized earlier with the use of anther culture method as highly differentiated in respect of their embryogenic potential (Żur et al 2014a, b, 2015; Krzewska et al 2015). Five of them (DH18, DH19, DH28, DH47 and DH119) were used in a more detailed study as the object of biochemical analyses.…”