Impact damage to chickpea seeds during free fall

Delfan, Farzad; Shahbazi, Feizollah; Esvand, Hamid Reza

doi:10.31545/intagr/156049

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 33 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Loading grains into bins may cause mechanical damage as the grains are subjected to a free‐fall drop. The damage to the grains during free fall depends on various factors, such as drop height, grain conditions (grain size, volume, mass, temperature, and moisture content), and contact surface material (Delfan et al, 2022 ). Using vertical pipes, in silos and other grain handling or processing systems allows the grains to move at high speeds resulting in a high‐intensity impact on the grains when discharged, which may result in mechanical damage to the grain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various drop tests were performed with corn, chickpea, and soybean (Bartkowiak et al, 2019 ; Delfan et al, 2022 ; Shah et al, 2001 ). In a study on the improvement of grain quality by Bartkowiak et al ( 2019 ), they reported that corn grains with a moisture content of about 18% dropped using a cascade chute from 6‐m height showed four and five times less damage compared with the free fall.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They also reported that a 6‐m drop height cascade chute considerably decreased the velocity of the filling grains when loading the silo. Delfan et al ( 2022 ) evaluated the percentage breakage of chickpea seeds due to the impact caused by free fall as affected by impact surface (concrete, metal, plywood, and seed‐on‐seed), drop height (3, 6, 9, and 12 m), and seed moisture content (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% w.b.) and reported that chickpea seeds dropped onto concrete and metal had significantly the highest means of percentage breakage of 13.89% and 12.94%, respectively, in comparison with 10.64% and 8.34% on plywood and on seed to seed, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Loading grains into bins may cause mechanical damage as the grains are subjected to a free-fall drop. The damage to the grains during free fall depends on various factors, such as drop height, grain conditions (grain size, volume, mass, temperature, and moisture content), and contact surface material (Delfan et al, 2022).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various drop tests were performed with corn, chickpea, and soybean (Bartkowiak et al, 2019;Delfan et al, 2022;Shah et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Effects of cushion box and closed let‐down ladder usage on impact damage to corn kernel during handling

Shahbazi

2022

Food Science & Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the cushion box and closed let‐down ladder usage in minimizing mechanical damage to corn kernels during free fall. Kernels from a single lot of cultivar KSC 705 were evaluated for percentage of breakage using three drop methods (free fall, with cushion box, and with closed let‐down ladder) at five different moisture contents (10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%), and three drop heights (5, 10, and 15 m). The results showed that the drop methods had a significant effect on the breakage sensibility of kernels. Sample kernels dropped without a ladder (free fall) had a significantly higher average percentage breakage of 13.80%. In the use of the cushion box, the average kernel breakage was calculated to be 11.41%, which was decreased by about 17% more than the free fall. Sample kernels dropped with the closed let‐down ladder had a lower average breakage of 7.26%, which showed that the closed let‐down ladder significantly helped to reduce mechanical damage to corn kernels by about 47% comparing free fall and by about 37% than the use of the cushion box. The amounts of kernel damage increased significantly with increasing drop height and decreasing moisture content, but the use of the cushion box and closed let‐down ladder systems somewhat reduced the adverse effect of the above factors. To minimize mechanical damage to kernels as they fall into the bin, a grain let‐down ladder should be installed in the bin so that it can receive kernels from the filling spout with minimum damage. Empirical models were developed for the dependency of damage to corn kernels due to the impact caused by free fall on the drop height and moisture content at different drop methods.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various drop tests were performed with corn, chickpea, and soybean (Bartkowiak et al, 2019;Delfan et al, 2022;Shah et al, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Effects of cushion box and closed let‐down ladder usage on impact damage to corn kernel during handling

Shahbazi

2022

Food Science & Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Assessing the effects of free fall conditions on damage to chickpea seeds: A comprehensive examination of seed deterioration

Delfan,

Shahbazi,

Eisvand

et al. 2024

Food Science & Nutrition

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Impact damage is the most destructive effect on the seeds during harvesting, handling, and storage, both on‐farm and off‐farm. The chickpea seeds' dicotyledonous characteristics and large mass and size make them susceptible to mechanical damage under impact loading. Tests were conducted to determine the extent of damage to chickpea seeds due to the impact caused by free fall. The extent of internal damage to the chickpea seeds was determined, which included the measurement of seed deterioration by the accelerated aging method (percentage loss in germination in the accelerated aging test) and the measurement of electrical conductivity. Three independent variables were used in the test, namely: (a) drop height (3, 6, 9, and 12 m), (b) impact surface (concrete, metal, plywood and seeds on seeds), and (c) seed moisture content (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% w.b). The results showed that drop height, impact surface, and moisture content had significant effects (p < .01) on the loss in germination percentage and change in electrical conductivity of chickpea seeds. In terms of loss in germination, the highest damage to seeds occurred at the metal impact surface (41.96%) and the least at the seed on the seed (29.71%). The highest amount of electrical conductivity was related to the seeds dropped on the metal (36.09 μS cm−1 g−1) and the lowest was related to seed‐on‐seed contact (21.68 μS cm−1 g−1). By increasing the drop height from 3 to 12 m, the loss in germination and electrical conductivity of seeds increased from 27.74% to 48.08% and from 18.72 to 40.47 μS cm−1 g−1, respectively. Increasing the moisture content of chickpea seeds from 10 to 25% causes a decrease in the amount of damage to the seeds in terms of electrical conductivity (from 38.40 to 21.18 μS cm−1 g−1), but increases the damage in the form of a loss in the percentage germination in the accelerated aging test (from 29.22% to 42.88%). To reduce the impact damage to peas caused by free fall, the height of the fall should be limited to about 6 m, and they should be prevented from hitting hard and rough surfaces.

show abstract

Optical Techniques for Automated Evaluation of Seed Damage

Nadimi,

Paliwal

2024

Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Impact damage to chickpea seeds during free fall

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Effects of cushion box and closed let‐down ladder usage on impact damage to corn kernel during handling

Effects of cushion box and closed let‐down ladder usage on impact damage to corn kernel during handling

Assessing the effects of free fall conditions on damage to chickpea seeds: A comprehensive examination of seed deterioration

Optical Techniques for Automated Evaluation of Seed Damage

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About