Effects of cushion box and closed let‐down ladder usage on impact damage to corn kernel during handling

Shahbazi, Reza; Shahbazi, Feizollah

doi:10.1002/fsn3.3137

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Increasing the drop height is predicted to result in higher impact energy and stress cracking on the seeds, leading to increased damage (Delfan et al., 2023 ; Shahbazi & Shahbazi, 2023 ). Seed coat cracking is a quality concern in legumes such as chickpeas as well, where it may impact seed quality, vigor, and germination percentage (Wang et al., 2024 ; Wang & Cichy, 2023 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…External damage includes visible fissures, cracks, and fractures on the seed's surface. On the other hand, internal damage, also known as “stress cracking,” refers to fissures or small cracks in the seed embryo caused by tensile or compressive stress during or after drying, rehydration, or impact loading (Shahbazi & Shahbazi, 2023 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have analyzed drop tests of corn, soybean, and wheat seeds on various contact surfaces in multiple studies (Bartkowiak et al., 2019 ; Li et al., 2020 ; Shah et al., 2001 ; Shahbazi & Shahbazi, 2022a , 2022b , 2023 ). The results of these studies consistently show that the damage to seeds caused by free fall increases with the height of the fall but may decrease with moisture content and temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Assessing the effects of free fall conditions on damage to chickpea seeds: A comprehensive examination of seed deterioration

Delfan,

Shahbazi,

Eisvand

et al. 2024

Food Science & Nutrition

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Impact damage is the most destructive effect on the seeds during harvesting, handling, and storage, both on‐farm and off‐farm. The chickpea seeds' dicotyledonous characteristics and large mass and size make them susceptible to mechanical damage under impact loading. Tests were conducted to determine the extent of damage to chickpea seeds due to the impact caused by free fall. The extent of internal damage to the chickpea seeds was determined, which included the measurement of seed deterioration by the accelerated aging method (percentage loss in germination in the accelerated aging test) and the measurement of electrical conductivity. Three independent variables were used in the test, namely: (a) drop height (3, 6, 9, and 12 m), (b) impact surface (concrete, metal, plywood and seeds on seeds), and (c) seed moisture content (10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% w.b). The results showed that drop height, impact surface, and moisture content had significant effects (p < .01) on the loss in germination percentage and change in electrical conductivity of chickpea seeds. In terms of loss in germination, the highest damage to seeds occurred at the metal impact surface (41.96%) and the least at the seed on the seed (29.71%). The highest amount of electrical conductivity was related to the seeds dropped on the metal (36.09 μS cm−1 g−1) and the lowest was related to seed‐on‐seed contact (21.68 μS cm−1 g−1). By increasing the drop height from 3 to 12 m, the loss in germination and electrical conductivity of seeds increased from 27.74% to 48.08% and from 18.72 to 40.47 μS cm−1 g−1, respectively. Increasing the moisture content of chickpea seeds from 10 to 25% causes a decrease in the amount of damage to the seeds in terms of electrical conductivity (from 38.40 to 21.18 μS cm−1 g−1), but increases the damage in the form of a loss in the percentage germination in the accelerated aging test (from 29.22% to 42.88%). To reduce the impact damage to peas caused by free fall, the height of the fall should be limited to about 6 m, and they should be prevented from hitting hard and rough surfaces.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Assessing the effects of free fall conditions on damage to chickpea seeds: A comprehensive examination of seed deterioration

Delfan,

Shahbazi,

Eisvand

et al. 2024

Food Science & Nutrition

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Seeds are exposed to impact when free falling or being strewn onto a hard surface, such as when they are being unloaded from a combine harvester into a cart or filling a storage bin (Chen et al, 2020). Depending on the type of operation being conducted, the seeds may fall freely from a few meters on the farm when unloaded using a combine harvester and truck transport bin, to a height of more than 50 m when unloaded and loaded into silo bins at seed transport and export terminals (Chen et al, 2020;Shahbazi, 2021;Shahbazi and Shahbazi, 2022b). Also, during conditioning, the seeds may be stored in bins until they are ready to be processed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact damage to chickpea seeds during free fall

Delfan¹,

Shahbazi²,

Esvand³

2023

Int. Agrophys.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The study aimed to determine the extent of the percentage of mechanical damage (seed breakage) to chickpea seeds due to the impact caused by free fall. Three independent variables were used in the test, namely: impact surface (concrete, metal, plywood and seed-on-seed), drop height (3, 6, 9, and 12 m) and seed moisture content (10, 15, 20, and 25% w.b.). The results showed that all three independent variables significantly influenced the percentage breakage of chickpea seeds. The seeds dropped onto concrete and metal had by a significant margin the highest means of percentage breakage at 13.89 and 12.94%, respectively, in comparison with 10.64 and 8.34% on plywood and in the case of seed to seed impact, respectively. Increasing the drop height from 3 to 12 m caused a significant increase in the mean values of damage to seeds from 7.20 to 15.57%. Increasing the moisture levels caused a decreasing trend by a factor of two in the damage to the seeds due to free fall. Empirical models were developed to reveal the relationships between damage to chickpea seeds with various moisture contents that was due to the impact with different impact surfaces caused by free fall from the drop height.K e y w o r d s: chickpea, mechanical damage, handling, drop height, contact surface

show abstract

“…Several studies have investigated the effects of moisture content (MC) and impact stress on the breakage susceptibility of various crops, including wheat [ 9 , 10 ], cowpea [ 11 ], chickpea [ 12 , 13 ], green and red lentil seeds [ 14 ], and corn [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. These experiments have proven that modifying the seed MC can reduce kernel damage during processing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Mechanical Damage and Germinability in Flaxseeds Using Hyperspectral Imaging

Nadimi,

Divyanth,

Chaudhry

et al. 2023

Foods

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The high demand for flax as a nutritious edible oil source combined with increasingly restrictive import regulations for oilseeds mandates the exploration of novel quantity and quality assessment methods. One pervasive issue that compromises the viability of flaxseeds is the mechanical damage to the seeds during harvest and post-harvest handling. Currently, mechanical damage in flax is assessed via visual inspection, a time-consuming, subjective, and insufficiently precise process. This study explores the potential of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with chemometrics as a novel, rapid, and non-destructive method to characterize mechanical damage in flaxseeds and assess how mechanical stresses impact the germination of seeds. Flaxseed samples at three different moisture contents (MCs) (6%, 8%, and 11.5%) were subjected to four levels of mechanical stresses (0 mJ (i.e., control), 2 mJ, 4 mJ, and 6 mJ), followed by germination tests. Herein, we acquired hyperspectral images across visible to near-infrared (Vis-NIR) (450–1100 nm) and short-wave infrared (SWIR) (1000–2500 nm) ranges and used principal component analysis (PCA) for data exploration. Subsequently, mean spectra from the samples were used to develop partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models utilizing key wavelengths to classify flaxseeds based on the extent of mechanical damage. The models developed using Vis-NIR and SWIR wavelengths demonstrated promising performance, achieving precision and recall rates >85% and overall accuracies of 90.70% and 93.18%, respectively. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) models were developed to predict germinability, resulting in R2-values of 0.78 and 0.82 for Vis-NIR and SWIR ranges, respectively. The study showed that HSI could be a potential alternative to conventional methods for fast, non-destructive, and reliable assessment of mechanical damage in flaxseeds.

show abstract

Effects of cushion box and closed let‐down ladder usage on impact damage to corn kernel during handling

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Assessing the effects of free fall conditions on damage to chickpea seeds: A comprehensive examination of seed deterioration

Assessing the effects of free fall conditions on damage to chickpea seeds: A comprehensive examination of seed deterioration

Impact damage to chickpea seeds during free fall

Assessment of Mechanical Damage and Germinability in Flaxseeds Using Hyperspectral Imaging

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About