Immunotoxicity and allergic potential induced by topical application of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in a murine model

Anderson, Stacey E.; Franko, Jennifer; Anderson, Katie L.; Munson, Albert E.; Lukomska, Ewa; Meade, B. Jean

doi:10.3109/1547691x.2012.691124

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Dendritic cells, derived from hematopoietic bone marrow progenitor cells, are extremely important initiators and regulators of immune responses due to their critical role in transferring information about the environment to the adaptive immune system (Ainscough et al, 2013). Previous studies conducted in our laboratory have shown that dermal exposure to triclosan – while not allergenic alone – can augment allergic responses to ovalbumin in a mouse model of asthma (Anderson et al, 2013a). Based on the findings of our previous work and the current study, although not directly sensitizing, triclosan does induce immune-related responses following dermal exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigations of immunotoxicity and allergic potential induced by topical application of triclosan in mice

Anderson

Meade

Long

et al. 2015

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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Triclosan is an antimicrobial chemical commonly used occupationally and by the general public. Using select immune function assays, the purpose of these studies was to evaluate the immunotoxicity of triclosan following dermal exposure using a murine model. Triclosan was not identified to be a sensitizer in the murine local lymph node assay (LLNA) when tested at concentrations ranging from 0.75–3.0%. Following a 28-day exposure, triclosan produced a significant increase in liver weight at concentrations of ≥ 1.5%. Exposure to the high dose (3.0%) also produced a significant increase in spleen weights and number of platelets. The absolute number of B-cells, T-cells, dendritic cells and NK cells were significantly increased in the skin draining lymph node, but not the spleen. An increase in the frequency of dendritic cells was also observed in the lymph node following exposure to 3.0% triclosan. The IgM antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was significantly increased at 0.75% – but not at the higher concentrations – in the spleen and serum. These results demonstrate that dermal exposure to triclosan induces stimulation of the immune system in a murine model and raise concerns about potential human exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Triclosan dosing concentrations (0.75–3.0%) and vehicle (acetone) were selected based on findings from previous studies (Anderson et al, 2013b). The murine LLNA was performed according to the methods previously described by Anderson et al (2013a).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations of immunotoxicity and allergic potential induced by topical application of triclosan in mice

Anderson

Meade

Long

et al. 2015

Journal of Immunotoxicology

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“…To determine the irritancy and sensitization potential of NBBS, a combined irritancy/LLNA was conducted and performed according to the method described in the Interagency Coordinating Committee on the Validation of Alternative Methods (ICCVAM) Peer Review Panel report (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [NIEHS] 1999) and as previously described (Anderson et al 2013). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systemic toxicity was evaluated weekly by clinical observations and change in body weight. The PFC assay was conducted as previously described (Anderson et al 2013). Results were expressed as specific activity (IgM PFC per 10 6 spleen cells) and total activity (IgM PFC per spleen).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigations into the Immunotoxicity and Allergic Potential Induced by Topical Application ofN-Butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) in a Murine Model

Marrocco

Meade

Long

et al. 2015

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A

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N-Butylbenzene sulfonamide (NBBS) is a commonly used plasticizer found in numerous products. Due to its extensive use, lack of adequate toxicological data, and suspicion of toxicity based on the presence of structural alerts, it was nominated to the National Toxicology Program for comprehensive toxicological testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential for hypersensitivity and immune suppression following dermal exposure to NBBS using a murine model. NBBS tested negative in a combined irritancy/local lymph node assay (LLNA), classifying it as nonirritating and nonsensitizing. To estimate the immunosuppressive potential of NBBS, assays that assessed immunotoxicity were performed, including the immumnoglobulin (Ig) M response to T-cell-dependent antigen sheep red blood cells (SRBC), using the plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay and immune cell phenotyping. After a 28-d treatment with NBBS, mice exposed to the lowest concentration (25% NBBS) showed a significant increase in IgM-producing B cells in the spleen. No marked changes were identified in immune cell markers in the lymph node. In contrast to body weight, a significant elevation in kidney and liver weight was observed following dermal exposure to all concentrations of NBBS. These results demonstrate that dermal exposure to NBBS, other than liver and kidney toxicity, did not apparently induce immunotoxicity in a murine model.

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“…DMC is used in the chemical industry as monomer for polymers, in transesterification reactions for the production of other carbonates such as diphenylcarbonate and others, as alkylating or carboxylating agent . It is also used in the agrochemical and pharmaceutical industry for the production of chemicals or in product formulation. A new potential application of DMC is as an additive to gasoline that would expand its utilization by almost two orders of magnitude.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Linear Carbonatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of carbon dioxide as feedstock for chemicals and fuels: homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis

Dibenedetto

Angelini

Stufano

2013

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

196

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CO2 is considered to play a key role in an eventual climate change, due to its accumulation in the atmosphere. The control of its emission represents a challenging task that requires new ideas and new technologies. The use of perennial energy sources and renewable fuels instead of fossil fuels and the conversion of CO2 into useful products are receiving increased attention. The utilization of CO2 as a raw material for the synthesis of chemicals and fuels is an area in which scientists and industrialists are much involved: the implementation of such technology on a large scale would allow a change from a linear use of fossil carbon to its cyclic use, mimicking Nature. In this paper the use of CO2 as building block is discussed. CO2 can replace toxic species such as phosgene in low energy processes, or can be used as source of carbon for the synthesis of energy products. The reactions with dihydrogen, alcohols, epoxides, amines, olefins, dienes, and other unsaturated hydrocarbons are discussed, under various reaction conditions, using metal systems or enzymes as catalysts. The formation of products such as formic acid and its esters, formamides, methanol, dimethyl carbonate, alkylene carbonates, carbamic acid esters, lactones, carboxylic acids, and polycarbonates, is described. The factors that have limited so far the conversion of large volumes of CO2 are analyzed and options for large‐scale CO2 catalytic conversion into chemicals and fuels are discussed. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts are considered and the pros and cons of their use highlighted. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry

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Immunotoxicity and allergic potential induced by topical application of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in a murine model

Cited by 13 publications

References 25 publications

Investigations of immunotoxicity and allergic potential induced by topical application of triclosan in mice

Investigations of immunotoxicity and allergic potential induced by topical application of triclosan in mice

Investigations into the Immunotoxicity and Allergic Potential Induced by Topical Application ofN-Butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) in a Murine Model

Use of carbon dioxide as feedstock for chemicals and fuels: homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis

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