Investigations into the Immunotoxicity and Allergic Potential Induced by Topical Application ofN-Butylbenzenesulfonamide (NBBS) in a Murine Model

Abstract

N-Butylbenzene sulfonamide (NBBS) is a commonly used plasticizer found in numerous products. Due to its extensive use, lack of adequate toxicological data, and suspicion of toxicity based on the presence of structural alerts, it was nominated to the National Toxicology Program for comprehensive toxicological testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential for hypersensitivity and immune suppression following dermal exposure to NBBS using a murine model. NBBS tested negative in a combined irritancy/local lymph node assay (LLNA), classifying it as nonirritating and nonsensitizing. To estimate the immunosuppressive potential of NBBS, assays that assessed immunotoxicity were performed, including the immumnoglobulin (Ig) M response to T-cell-dependent antigen sheep red blood cells (SRBC), using the plaque-forming cell (PFC) assay and immune cell phenotyping. After a 28-d treatment with NBBS, mice exposed to the lowest concentration (25% NBBS) showed a significant increase in IgM-producing B cells in the spleen. No marked changes were identified in immune cell markers in the lymph node. In contrast to body weight, a significant elevation in kidney and liver weight was observed following dermal exposure to all concentrations of NBBS. These results demonstrate that dermal exposure to NBBS, other than liver and kidney toxicity, did not apparently induce immunotoxicity in a murine model.

Untargeted approach for the evaluation of anthropic impact on the sheltered marine area of Portofino (Italy)

“…NBBS is considered a neurotoxic compound and may also affect liver and kidney (Marrocco et al, 2015), therefore its potential leaching from polyamide plastics used as food container (Skjevrak et al, 2005) and nylon-11 tubing (Gilmore et al, 2004) have raised concerns regarding potential human exposure.…”

Biological effects of inhaled hydraulic fracturing sand dust. VIII. Immunotoxicity

“…For study B, the primary IgM response to SRBC was enumerated using a modified hemolytic plaque assay of Jerne and Nordin (Jerne and Nordin, 1963;Marrocco et al, 2015). Four days prior to euthanasia, the rats were immunized with 2 × 10 8 SRBC (in l ml volume) by i.v.…”

Disposition and metabolism of N-butylbenzenesulfonamide in Sprague Dawley rats and B6C3F1/N mice and in vitro in hepatocytes from rats, mice, and humans

“…However, no signs of neurotoxicity were observed in a 27-day oral gavage study in Sprague-Dawley rats with doses up to 300 mg/kg (Rider et al 2012). Marrocco et al (2015) evaluated the immunotoxic potential of NBBS following a 28-day dermal exposure in mice to 0 (control) or 100% NBBS; while they did not observe meaningful effects on the immune parameters measured, they did note significant increases in liver and kidney weights. NBBS, isolated from the bark of Pygeum africanum was found to be an androgen receptor antagonist in vitro (Schleich et al 2006;Papaioannou et al 2010).…”